| 词条 | Gambling in Metro Manila | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Prior to 1976, illegal gambling dominated the Philippines as unlicensed casinos and underground bookmaking operations were opened across the country. Illegal forms of gambling included jueteng, masiao and last two.[4] Among the few lawful gambling activities in those days were church-organised bingo sessions and jai alai wagering at the Manila Jai Alai Building.[5] In 1977, PAGCOR opened its first casino, The Manila Bay Casino, a floating casino which operated in all three decks of luxury liner MS Philippine Tourist off Manila Bay in partnership with the Philippine Casino Operators Corporation (PCOC) and Manila Bay Enterprises, Inc. (MBEI) which was majority owned by the Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau of casino magnate, Stanley Ho.[6][7] When a fire gutted the ship in 1979, PAGCOR shifted its operations to land-based casinos.[8] By the end of that year, the Philippine Village Hotel built in 1974 at the old Nayong Pilipino complex adjacent to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) became home to the city's first land-based casino.[7][9] Casino gamblingMetro Manila currently has around twenty casinos, most of which are located near the Manila Bay area and the NAIA airport in Parañaque.[10][11] Most casinos in the city are operated by PAGCOR under the Casino Filipino brand. Gambling in Manila now takes place primarily in luxury casino hotels and integrated resorts located in Entertainment City and Newport City under license from PAGCOR.[12]The Casino Filipino Pavilion at the Waterfront Manila Pavilion (former Holiday Inn Manila Pavilion) is Manila's oldest surviving casino which opened in 1986.[13] The city's largest stand-alone casino was Casino Filipino Airport housed in the PRIC Building on Ninoy Aquino Avenue formerly occupied by Duty Free Philippines until 1997 but was closed down in July 2014.[8][14][15] In 2009, Resorts World Manila, the Philippines' first integrated resort, was built on a portion of Villamor Air Base in Pasay across from NAIA Terminal 3. The city's newest casino is the $2.4-B Okada Manila completed in December 2016 in Entertainment City, the third of four billion-dollar casinos to rise in Manila's gaming strip.[16]
Closed casinos
Sports gambling{{See also|Horseracing in the Philippines}}Sports betting has a long history in the Philippines. Popular forms of legalized sports gambling include betting on cockfighting, jai alai and horseracing. Sabong, as how cockfighting is known locally, has been hugely popular even prior to Spanish colonization in 1521. It was legalized and regulated in the early 18th century as a source of revenue for the Spanish colonial government. In 1854, the Tondo cockpit in Manila generated as much as 80,000 Mexican silver dollars for the government. By 1861, a new series of regulations were passed which permitted it to be held on Sundays and holidays, including town fiestas.[22][23] The sport remains popular today and is regulated by the Philippine Gamefowl Commission created in 1981 under the Games and Amusement Board.[24]The Games and Amusement Board also regulates jai alai and horseracing operations as well as off-track bookmaking stations in the country. Jai alai was first introduced in the Philippines in 1899 with some of the earlier games played in the Casino Español de Manila. In 1939, the games shifted to the Manila Jai Alai Building.[25] Jai alai was temporarily banned in 1986 because of problems with game fixing. The building was subsequently torn down in 2000.[26] By March 2010, however, jai alai returned to the country with the games now being played in a fronton in Santa Ana, Cagayan.[27] Betting on other competitive sports such as boxing, basketball, football and tennis is also possible through licensed sportsbook MegaSportsWorld that has several branches in Metro Manila and a telephone service.[28] Online gamblingPAGCOR operates 102 e-Games stations throughout Metro Manila.[29] An e-Games station is an internet café that allows customers to play casino games online.[30] In addition, there are 12 e-Games sites in the metropolis operated by BigGame, Inc. (BGI), a subsidiary of PhilWeb Corporation, under license from PAGCOR.[31] As of August 10, 2016, the e-Games outlets operated by PhilWeb were closed following the non-renewal of its license by PAGCOR.[32] See also{{Portal|Manila}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno1067-A.html#.U_7pI40azCQ |title=Presidential Decree No. 1067-A |publisher=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ph/1983/07/11/presidential-decree-no-1869-s-1983/ |title=Presidential Decree No. 1869, s. 1983 |publisher=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.macaubusiness.com/news/gaming/billion-paradise-manila-stakes-its-claim.html |title=Billion $ paradise – Manila stakes its claim |publisher=Macau Business |accessdate=28 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223144833/http://www.macaubusiness.com/news/gaming/billion-paradise-manila-stakes-its-claim.html |archivedate=23 February 2015 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|author=Joselito Guianan Chan, Managing Partner, Chan Robles & Associates Law Firm |url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9287.htm#.UkWEsIZi56o |title=Philippine Laws, Statutes And Codes – Chan Robles Virtual Law Library |publisher=Chanrobles.com |date=2004-04-02 |accessdate=2013-09-28}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.frixo.com/sbook/regions/philippines.asp |title=Betting in the Philippines |publisher=Frixo.com |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19780406&id=BhwaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=syQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6558,4583103 |title=Philippine Gambling is 'Kept at Bay' |work=The Times-News |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://archives.newsbreak-knowledge.ph/2004/03/29/back-in-business/ |title=Back in Business |work=Newsbreak |accessdate=29 August 2014}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/mar2000/132929.html |title=G.R. No. 132929. March 27, 2000 |publisher=Supreme Court of the Philippines |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://ahrmhospitality.com/about/our-history |title=About the Association of Human Resources Managers |publisher=AHRM Hospitality |accessdate=29 August 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/economics-and-morals-of-gambling/98559/ |title=Economics and morals of gambling |publisher=The Manila Times |accessdate=17 September 2014}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.worldcasinodirectory.com/philippines |title=Philippines Casinos & Gambling |publisher=World Casino Directory |accessdate=17 September 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/pagcor-lowers-license-fees-for-operators/ |title=Pagcor lowers license fees for operators |work=Manila Bulletin |accessdate=17 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402190504/http://www.mb.com.ph/pagcor-lowers-license-fees-for-operators/ |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.casinofilipino.ph/pavilion/ |title=Casino Filipino Pavilion |publisher=PAGCOR |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dutyfree.gov.ph/?q=content/history |title=History |publisher=Duty Free Philippines |accessdate=29 August 2014}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/mobile/2014/02/26/pagcor-to-shut-down-airport-casino-in-july |title=Pagcor to shut down airport casino in July |work=Manila Standard Today |accessdate=12 September 2014}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.worldcasinodirectory.com/casino-operations-start-december-30th-for-okada-manila-39832 |title=Casino operations start December 30th for Okada Manila |publisher=World Casino Directory |author=Kelley, M. |date=29 December 2016 |accessdate=5 January 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/111382/cocktales--another-casino-rising-right-in-the-heart-of-gridlocked-manila |title=Another casino rising in the heart of gridlocked Manila |publisher=Interaksyon |accessdate=30 May 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/mobile/2014/09/16/alliance-global-sees-2018-opening-of-resorts-world-bayshore |title=Alliance Global sees 2018 opening of Resorts World Bayshore |work=Manila Standard Today |accessdate=17 September 2014}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/business/06/02/13/heritage-hotel-close-casino |title=Heritage Hotel to close casino |publisher=ABS-CBN News |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view/20080722-149893/Manila-takes-over-hotel-on-Roxas-Boulevard |title=Manila takes over hotel on Roxas Boulevard |work=Philippine Daily Inquirer |accessdate=28 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508032610/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view/20080722-149893/Manila-takes-over-hotel-on-Roxas-Boulevard |archivedate=8 May 2014 |df= }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://manila.coconuts.co/2013/04/17/philippine-village-hotel-ordered-vacate-nayong-pilipino-grounds |title=Philippine Village Hotel ordered to vacate Nayong Pilipino Grounds |work=Coconuts Newsletter |accessdate=4 September 2014}} 22. ^{{cite journal |author=Dundes, Alan | title=The Cockfight: A Casebook | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy5VqKSYt8IC&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=cockfighting+%221861%22+philippines&source=bl&ots=b2IimIe6ch&sig=c-zXbnekeD4jZZD7HXl7328XJLI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ze4YVO-JCMWBiwLHjYBw&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAg| publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |date=1994 | accessdate=17 September 2014}} 23. ^{{cite journal |author=Carpio| title=My Country and My People | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UUuHLJYdlMC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=sports+horse-racing+lottery+manila&source=bl&ots=KzIPRSOqYv&sig=8ICJQoip_izzsaI-_blcAkMozr8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=desYVK2LCKPOiwLosoDQDQ&ved=0CBkQ6AEwAA| publisher=Rex Bookstore| date=1998 | accessdate=17 September 2014|display-authors=etal}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno1802.html#.VBkAVY0azCQ |title=Presidential Decree No. 1802 |publisher=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library |accessdate=17 September 2014}} 25. ^{{cite journal |author=De Borja, Marciano | title=Basques in the Philippines | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXpiujH2uOwC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=jai+alai+manila+%22casino+español%22&source=bl&ots=vder6qRbZt&sig=C__VytbVcQAzkjYQfqFXnDpTEC8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pzoZVJT5D4i4igKYioDgCw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwCg| publisher=University of Nevada Press | date=2005 | accessdate=17 September 2014}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.inquirer.net/lifestyle/?id=57505 |title=Remember jai alai: Stop making Manila heritage demolition victim |publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer |accessdate=22 September 2014}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/sports/555000/cagayan-hosts-jai-alai-return?nomobile=1 |title=Cagayan hosts jai-alai return |publisher=Philippine Star |accessdate=22 September 2014}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://media.megasportsworld.com/about.php |title=About MegaSportsWorld |publisher=MegaSportsWorld.com |accessdate=22 September 2014}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.egamescasino.ph/locations/ |title=E-Games Locations: NCR |publisher=PAGCOR e-Games |accessdate=22 September 2014}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biggamecasino.ph/why-we-are-your-best-bet/ |title=Why we are your best bet |publisher=BigGame, Inc. |accessdate=22 September 2014}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biggamecasino.ph/the-site/ |title=BigGame Casino Sites |publisher=BigGame, Inc. |accessdate=22 September 2014}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/business/industries/410-gaming/142495-philweb-shut-down-e-games-outlets-ongpin-resignation |title=PhilWeb to close e-Games outlets despite Ongpin resignation |author=Dela Paz, C. |publisher=Rappler |date=9 August 2016 |accessdate=11 August 2016}} External links
4 : Tourism in Metro Manila|Gambling in the Philippines|Economy of Metro Manila|Culture in Metro Manila |
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