“Ge'ez Braille”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Ge'ez Braille

释义

Alphabet
Numbers
Punctuation
References

{{Infobox writing system
| name = Ge'ez Braille
| altname =
| type = alphabet
| typedesc =
| time =
| languages = Amharic, Tigrinya, Tigre, Harari, other Ethiosemetic languages
| fam1 = Braille
| fam2 = English Braille
| print = Ge'ez alphabet
| creator =
| sample = Amharic Braille chart.jpg
| imagesize =
| note = none
}}

Ge'ez Braille is the braille alphabet for all Ethiopic languages. Letter values are mostly in line with international usage.

Alphabet

Ge'ez Braille is a consonant–vowel alphabet, not an abugida like the print Ge'ez script. However, because the alphabetic chart (right) is organized by syllable rather than by letter, the vowels, which do not occur alone, are listed given first in the chart below, then the consonants are listed in Ge'ez order.

The syllabic chart at right shows a blank cell {{angle bracket|{{Braille cell|0}}}} being used for the vowel {{angle bracket|ə}}. This is perhaps an artefact of the presentation; UNESCO (2013) shows it as a zero vowel that is simply not written.^[1]

type=image\|en}} -ä	type=image\|u}} -u	type=image\|i}} -i	type=image\|a}} -a	type=image\|e}} -e	type=image\|o}} -o	type=image\|x}} -wa
type=image\|h}} h ሀ	type=image\|l}} l ለ	type=image\|126}} ḥ ሐ	type=image\|m}} m መ	type=image\|s}} ś ሠ	type=image\|r}} r ረ	type=image\|1456}} s ሰ
type=image\|146}} š ሸ	type=image\|q}} ḳ ቀ	type=image\|b}} b በ	type=image\|t}} t ተ	type=image\|16}} č ቸ	type=image\|156}} ḫ ኀ	type=image\|n}} n ነ
type=image\|346}} ñ ኘ	type=image\|12356}} ʾ አ	type=image\|k}} k ከ	type=image\|236}} x ኸ	type=image\|w}} w ወ	type=image\|1256}} ʿ ዐ	type=image\|z}} z ዘ
type=image\|356}} ž ዠ	type=image\|y}} y የ	type=image\|d}} d ደ	type=image\|245}} ǧ ጀ	type=image\|g}} g ገ	type=image\|23456}} ṭ ጠ	type=image\|c}} č̣ ጨ
type=image\|235}} p̣ ጰ	type=image\|2346}} ṣ ጸ	type=image\|and}} ṣ́ ፀ	type=image\|f}} f ፈ	type=image\|p}} p ፐ	type=image\|v}} v ቨ

{{angle bracket|ə}} is not the default vowel in print Amharic, which is instead {{angle bracket|ä}} (braille {{Braille cell|en}}). For example, el + vowel is written ለ {{bc|l|en}} lä, ሉ {{bc|l|u}} lu, ሊ {{bc|l|i}} li, ላ {{bc|l|a}} la, ሌ {{bc|l|e}} le, ል {{bc|l}} lə, ሎ {{bc|l|o}} lo, ሏ {{bc|l|x}} lwa.

CwV and CyV other than Cwa are written with medial w and y: ገ {{bc|g|en}} gä, ጉ {{bc|g|u}} gu, ጊ {{bc|g|i}} gi, ጋ {{bc|g|a}} ga, ጌ {{bc|g|e}} ge, ግ {{bc|g}} gə, ጎ {{bc|g|o}} go, ጐ {{bc|g|w|en}} gwä, ጒ {{bc|g|w|i}} gwi, ጓ {{bc|g|x}} gwa, ጔ {{bc|g|w|e}} gwe, ጕ {{bc|g|w|u}} gwə. Note that Cwə is written as if it were Cwu, a sequence which does not occur in Ethiopic languages.

Numbers

Ethiopic digits do not follow the international pattern. They are also circumfixed with {{bc|1}} ... {{bc|23}}:

፩	1	1\|1\|23}}	፲	10	1\|13\|23}}
፪	2	1\|14\|23}}	፳	20	1\|13\|14\|23}}
፫	3	1\|25\|23}}	፴	30	1\|13\|25\|23}}
፬	4	1\|36\|23}}	፵	40	1\|13\|36\|23}}
፭	5	1\|15\|23}}	፶	50	1\|13\|15\|23}}
፮	6	1\|26\|23}}	፷	60	1\|13\|26\|23}}
፯	7	1\|24\|23}}	፸	70	1\|13\|24\|23}}
፰	8	1\|35\|23}}	፹	80	1\|13\|35\|23}}
፱	9	1\|12\|23}}	፺	90	1\|13\|12\|23}}
፲	10	1\|13\|23}}	፻	100	1\|134\|1\|13}}

The form of 100 suggests that the prefix {{bc|1}} may occur before each digit, while the suffix {{bc|23}} occurs only at the end of the number.

Western numbers are marked with {{bc|#}} as in other braille alphabets.

Punctuation

Native punctuation is as follows:

Print	፡	።	፣	፤	፦	፧	᎐
Braille	type=image\|3\|6}}	type=image\|256}}	type=image\|2}}	type=image\|23}}	type=image\|25}}	type=image\|236}}	type=image\|5}}

The last is a 'tonal mark'.

There is also Western punctuation:

Print	?	!	...	-	—	/	*
Braille	type=image\|hh}}	type=image\|ff}}	type=image\|3\|3\|3}}	type=image\|25\|25}}	type=image\|36\|36}}	type=image\|5\|2}}	type=image\|35\|35}}

Print	« ... »	‹ ... ›	( ... )	[ ... ]
Braille	type=image\|hh	jj}	type=image\|6\|hh	3}	type=image\|gg	gg}	type=image\|6\|gg	3}

References

1. ^Unesco (2013), World Braille Usage, 3rd ed.

Ethiopic Braille at Adaptive Technology Center for the Blind, Addis Ababa

2 : French-ordered braille alphabets|Amharic language

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