| 词条 | Renmark, South Australia |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Renmark | state = sa | image = Renmarkview.jpg | caption = A view of Renmark from the Murray River | coordinates = {{coord|34.174073|S|140.741763|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coord_ref = [1] | pushpin_label_position = left | pop = 7491 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2011}} | pop_footnotes = [2] | established = 1904 (town){{citation needed|date=February 2019}} 16 March 2000 (locality) | established_footnotes =[2] | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 5341 | elevation = 31 | elevation_footnotes = | area = | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 254 | dir1 = | location1= Adelaide | dist2 = 137 | dir2 = | location2 = Mildura | lga = District Council of Renmark Paringa[1] | county = Hamley[1] | region = Murray and Mallee[1] | stategov = Chaffey[3] | fedgov = Barker[4] | maxtemp = 24.8 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 9.6 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 243.7 | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = | near-ne = | near-e = | near-se = | near-s = | near-sw = | near-w = | near-nw = | near = | footnotes = }}Renmark is a town in South Australia's rural Riverland area, and is located 254 km northeast of Adelaide, on the banks of the River Murray. The Sturt Highway between Adelaide and Sydney runs through the town; Renmark is the last major town encountered in South Australia when driving this route. It is 31 m above sea level. At the {{CensusAU|2011}}, Renmark had a population of 7,491.[5] HistoryIt has been suggested that the name Renmark refers to an Aboriginal word meaning "Red Mud" – the original inhabitants of the area were the Naralte tribe. Alternatively, it could be derived from "Bookmark" (later Calperum), the station founded by the Chambers brothers, from which 20,000 acres was excised for the town and irrigation project.[6] The first unambiguous use of the name (as "Renmark Flat") in newspapers was in October 1888.[7] Captain Charles Sturt was the first European to pass through the area in January 1830, as he navigated the length of the Murray River from the Great Dividing Range, eventually reaching Lake Alexandrina. A settlement began to grow in 1887, when the Renmark Irrigation Settlement was established by George and William Chaffey, who created a system of open drains using water from the Murray River, to allow orchards to be planted in the area. By pumping water onto the hot red sand they transformed it into a fruit growing area similar to California. Renmark was proclaimed a town in 1904 and a municipality in 1935. Bush poet and soldier Breaker Morant worked locally, at J. F. Cudmore's Paringa Station in the 1890s, before serving in the Boer War. The Renmark Hotel was the first community-owned hotel in the British Empire and became the town's major landmark. Box wine was invented at a vineyard near Renmark. Renmark was connected to Adelaide by rail on 31 January 1927[8] when the railway line across the bridge to Paringa was opened. It was later extended west as far as Barmera but then closed in 1983 then the last scheduled train to cross the bridge was on 31 December 1990.[9] Heritage listingsRenmark has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
ClimateRenmark is surrounded by mallee scrub. Renmark has situated in a grassland location, above Goyder's Line, with hot dry summers and cool winters. Under Köppen climate classification, Renmark has a semi-arid climate (BSk) with seasonal temperatures a few degrees above Adelaide's temperatures, although it has many more touches of frost in winter, also differing due to lacking Adelaide's sizeable winter precipitation. The average rainfall of Renmark is 243.7 millimetres (9.59 in), falling evenly throughout the year, as thunderstorms in summer, or with cold fronts in winter, and a combination of the two in spring and autumn. Record temperatures have ranged from 48.2 °C (118.0 °F) during the February 2009 heatwave to -6.1 °C – 21.0 °F {{Weather box|location = Renmark (1995–2013) |collapsed = yes |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 47.1 |Feb record high C = 48.2 |Mar record high C = 41.9 |Apr record high C = 38.2 |May record high C = 29.9 |Jun record high C = 25.8 |Jul record high C = 26.0 |Aug record high C = 32.2 |Sep record high C = 37.6 |Oct record high C = 41.7 |Nov record high C = 44.6 |Dec record high C = 46.3 |year record high C = 48.2 |Jan high C = 33.6 |Feb high C = 32.7 |Mar high C = 28.7 |Apr high C = 24.5 |May high C = 20.0 |Jun high C = 16.8 |Jul high C = 16.2 |Aug high C = 18.6 |Sep high C = 22.0 |Oct high C = 24.8 |Nov high C = 28.9 |Dec high C = 31.0 |year high C = 24.8 |Jan low C = 16.2 |Feb low C = 16.2 |Mar low C = 12.7 |Apr low C = 8.8 |May low C = 6.4 |Jun low C = 4.6 |Jul low C = 3.7 |Aug low C = 4.5 |Sep low C = 6.7 |Oct low C = 8.9 |Nov low C = 12.5 |Dec low C = 14.1 |year low C = 9.6 |Jan record low C = 6.3 |Feb record low C = 6.8 |Mar record low C = 4.2 |Apr record low C = -1.6 |May record low C = -4.1 |Jun record low C = -6.1 |Jul record low C = -5.4 |Aug record low C = -5.2 |Sep record low C = -3.7 |Oct record low C = 0.8 |Nov record low C = 2.3 |Dec record low C = 4.2 |year record low C = -6.1 |Jan rain mm = 18.1 |Feb rain mm = 20.0 |Mar rain mm = 13.7 |Apr rain mm = 16.2 |May rain mm = 14.8 |Jun rain mm = 21.3 |Jul rain mm = 20.9 |Aug rain mm = 21.9 |Sep rain mm = 23.7 |Oct rain mm = 27.0 |Nov rain mm = 22.8 |Dec rain mm = 23.3 |Jan rain days = 2.8 |Feb rain days = 3.3 |Mar rain days = 3.4 |Apr rain days = 4.3 |May rain days = 6.8 |Jun rain days = 9.6 |Jul rain days = 9.6 |Aug rain days = 8.9 |Sep rain days = 7.7 |Oct rain days = 6.7 |Nov rain days = 5.8 |Dec rain days = 4.9 |unit rain days = 0.2mm |source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology[15] |date=May 2013}} Renmark todayRenmark is a multicultural centre for the Riverland area. It consists of elegant wide streets. The river itself offers excellent spots for fishing, waterskiing and boating. The area is known for the cultivation of grapes, citrus fruits, tomatoes, vegetables, wheat and wool. Orange trees stretch for hectares as do vineyards and stone fruit orchards. Other industries include almond growing and pistachio nut cultivation. Renmark is also home to the region's only restored paddle steamer, wine companies and the rose industry. Renmark hosts the Renmark Rose Festival every October. Renmark contains a modern shopping complex, camping grounds, and a {{convert|380|m|yd}} dirt oval speedway known as the Riverland Speedway. GovernanceRenmark is located within the federal division of Barker, the state electoral district of Chaffey and the local government area of the Renmark Paringa Council.[4][1][3] MediaNewspapersRenmark prints a range of newspapers, such as The Murray Pioneer (founded in 1892 as the Renmark Pioneer). Television
WIN Television broadcasts Network Ten programming, Channel Seven broadcasts Seven Network programming & Channel Nine broadcasts Nine Network programming. The programming schedules for these channels is the same as Channel Nine, Channel Seven and Channel Ten in Adelaide, with local commercials inserted and some variations for coverage of Australian Football League or National Rugby League matches, state and national news and current affairs programs, some lifestyle and light entertainment shows and infomercials. Radio
Sporting teams
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Search results for 'Renmark, LOCB' with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and localities', 'Counties', 'Hundreds', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions' and 'Gazetteer'|url= http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/?map=roads&x=140.76328&y=-34.16464&z=13&uids=19,2,115,8,11,20,105&pinx=140.743090&piny=-34.172590&pinTitle=Location&pinText=Renmark,+Locb |website=Location SA Map Viewer|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=11 February 2019}} 2. ^{{Citation | title = GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT 1991, Notice to Assign Boundaries and Names to Places (to areas within the District Council of Renmark Paringa)| journal = The South Australian Government Gazette | volume = | issue = | page =1433 | date=16 March 2000| url = http://governmentgazette.sa.gov.au/sites/default/files/public/documents/gazette/2000/March/2000_045.pdf |accessdate=11 February 2019}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Electoral district of Chaffey |url= https://www.ecsa.sa.gov.au/component/edocman/electoral-district-of-chaffey-pdf/download |publisher=Electoral Commission SA|accessdate=27 March 2018}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Electoral division of Barker |url= http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/sa/files/2011/2011-aec-a4-map-sa-barker.pdf |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=27 March 2018}} 5. ^1 {{Census 2006 AUS|id=UCL423200|name=Renmark (Urban Centre/Locality)|accessdate=23 October 2011|quick=on}} 6. ^http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1343 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44535630 |title=River Navigation Improvement |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=Adelaide |date=28 October 1885 |accessdate=3 July 2012 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} 8. ^Rails into Renmark Shields, Brian Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, February, 1999 pp43-51 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.renmarkparinga.sa.gov.au/history |title=History in the Renmark Paringa District |publisher=Renmark Paringa Council |accessdate=13 January 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16376 | title=Renmark Hotel | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=28 May 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16372 | title=Renmark Irrigation Trust Office | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=28 May 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16373 | title=Renmark Distillery Bridge (The first pre-stressed concrete bridge constructed in South Australia) [Concrete Girder] | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=28 May 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16374 | title=Olivewood Site, including dwelling ('Olivewood'), Chaffey packing shed, palm trees lining driveway, olive grove and garden | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=28 May 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16378 | title=Paringa Bridge over the River Murray [Metal Vertical Lift] | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=28 May 2016}} 15. ^{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_024048_All|site_name=Renmark Aero|accessdate=9 May 2013|date=May 2013}} External links{{commonscat}}
3 : Towns in South Australia|Populated places on the Murray River|Riverland |
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