| 词条 | René Coty |
| 释义 |
| name = René Coty | honorific-prefix = | image = René Coty - 1954.jpg | caption = René Coty in 1954. | party = Radical-Socialist Party {{small|(1908–1923)}} Democratic Alliance {{small|(1923–1940)}} Independent {{small|(1940–1949)}} National Centre of Independents and Peasants {{small|(1949–1962)}} | office1 = President of the French Republic | predecessor1 = Vincent Auriol | primeminister1 = Joseph Laniel Pierre Mendes-France Edgar Faure Guy Mollet Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury Félix Gaillard Pierre Pflimlin Charles de Gaulle | successor1 = Charles de Gaulle | birth_name = Jules Gustave René Coty | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1882|3|20}} | birth_place = Le Havre, France | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1962|11|22|1882|3|20}} | death_place = Le Havre, France | nationality = French | spouse = {{Marriage|Germaine Corblet (b.1886)|1907|1955}}; her death | children = Geneviève {{small|(1907–1987)}} Anne-Marie {{small|(1909–1987)}} | alma_mater = University of Caen Normandy | profession = Lawyer | allegiance = {{Flagicon|France}} France | branch = French Army | serviceyears = 1914–1918 | rank = Soldier | unit = 129th Infantry Regiment | battles = World War I:
| awards = Legion of Honour | term_start1 = 16 January 1954 | term_end1 = 8 January 1959 | office2 = Co-Prince of Andorra | predecessor2 = Vincent Auriol | successor2 = Charles de Gaulle | term_start2 = 16 January 1954 | term_end2 = 8 January 1959 | office3 = Member of the French Senate | term_start3 = 7 November 1948 | term_end3 = 23 December 1953 | constituency3 = Seine-Maritime | term_start4 = 14 January 1936 | term_end4 = 1 January 1944 | constituency4 = Seine-Maritime | office5 = Minister of Reconstruction and Urban Development | primeminister5 = Robert Schuman, André Marie | term_start5 = 24 November 1947 | term_end5 = 7 September 1948 | predecessor5 = Jean Letourneau | successor5 = Eugène Claudius-Petit | office6 = Member of the French National Assembly | term_start6 = 21 October 1945 | term_end6 = 19 November 1948 | constituency6 = Seine-Maritime | term_start7 = 10 June 1923 | term_end7 = 31 May 1935 | constituency7 = Seine-Maritime }} Jules Gustave René Coty ({{IPA-fr|ʁəne kɔti}}; 20 March 1882{{spaced ndash}}22 November 1962) was President of France from 1954 to 1959. He was the second and last president of the Fourth French Republic. Early life and politicsRené Coty was born in Le Havre and studied at the University of Caen, where he graduated in 1902, receiving degrees in law and philosophy. He worked as a lawyer in his hometown of Le Havre, specialising in maritime and commercial law. He also became involved in politics, as a member of the Radical Party, and in 1907 was elected as a district councillor. The following year he was elected to the communal council of Le Havre as a member of the Republican Left group. He retained both of these positions until 1919. Coty also served as a member of the Conseil Général of Seine-Inférieure 1913–1942, holding the post of Vice President from 1932. With the outbreak of the First World War, Coty volunteered for the army, joining the 129th Infantry Regiment. He fought at the Battle of Verdun. In 1923, Coty entered the Chamber of Deputies, succeeding Jules Siegfried as Deputy for Seine-Inférieure. However, by this stage of his political career he had moved away from the Radical Party, and sat as a member of the Republican Union. Between 13 and 23 December 1930 he served as Under-secretary of State for the Interior in the government of Théodore Steeg. In 1936, Coty was elected to the Senate for Seine-Inférieure. He was one of the French parliamentarians who, on 10 July 1940, voted to give extraordinary powers to Philippe Pétain, thereby bringing about the Nazi-backed Vichy government. Coty remained relatively inactive during World War II, although he was rehabilitated after the war. Postwar life and presidencyHe was a member of the Constituent National Assembly from 1944 to 1946, and chaired the right-wing Independent Republican group, which later became part of the National Center of Independents and Peasants. Coty was elected to the National Assembly in 1946 as a Deputy for Seine-Inférieure, and from November 1947 to September 1948, he served as Minister for Reconstruction and Urban Planning in the governments of Robert Schuman and André Marie. Coty was elected as a member of the Council of the Republic in November 1948, and served as Vice President of the Council from 1952. Coty stood as a candidate for President in 1953, although it was thought unlikely that he would be elected. Nonetheless, and despite twelve successive ballots, right-wing favourite Joseph Laniel failed to obtain the absolute majority required. Following the withdrawal of another key right-wing candidate, Louis Jacquinot, Coty was finally elected in the thirteenth ballot on 23 December 1953, winning 477 votes against the 329 of the socialist Marcel-Edmond Naegelen. He succeeded Vincent Auriol as President on 16 January 1954. As President of the Republic, Coty was even less active than his predecessor in trying to influence policy. His presidency was troubled by the political instability of the Fourth Republic and the Algerian question. With the deepening of the crisis in 1958, on 29 May of that year, President Coty appealed to Charles de Gaulle, the "most illustrious of Frenchmen" to become the last Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic. Coty had threatened to resign if de Gaulle's appointment was not approved by the National Assembly. De Gaulle drafted a new constitution, and on 28 September, a referendum took place in which 79.2% of those who voted supported the proposals, which led to the Fifth Republic. De Gaulle was elected as President of the new Republic by parliament in December, and succeeded Coty on 9 January 1959. Coty was a member of the Constitutional Council from 1959 until his death in 1962. In popular cultureA photo of President Coty is a running joke in the 2006 French spy spoof Cairo, Nest of Spies.[1] See also
References1. ^The Revenge of Jacques Bond, Heidi Ellison, Paris Update, 26 April 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2010. External links{{Commons category}}
with Ramon Iglesias i Navarri}}{{S-end}}{{Heads of state of France}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Coty, Rene}} 24 : 1884 births|1962 deaths|20th-century Presidents of France|20th-century Princes of Andorra|Democratic Republican Alliance politicians|Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic|French lawyers|French military personnel of World War I|French Roman Catholics|French Senators of the Third Republic|Government ministers of France|Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)|Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945)|Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)|Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic|Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic|Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic|Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic|People from Le Havre|Politicians from Normandy|Presidents of France|Princes of Andorra|Roman Catholic monarchs|Senators of Seine-Maritime |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。