“Reprise Records”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Green Day, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Mastodon, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, and Never Shout Never.

Company history

Beginnings

Reprise Records was formed in 1960^[2] by Frank Sinatra in order to allow more artistic freedom for his own recordings. Soon thereafter, he garnered the nickname "The Chairman of the Board".^[3] Because of dissatisfaction with Capitol/EMI, and after trying to buy Norman Granz's Verve Records,^[4] the first album Sinatra released on Reprise was Ring-a-Ding-Ding! As CEO of Reprise, Sinatra recruited several artists for the fledgling label, such as fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin and Sammy Davis, Jr. The original roster from 1961 to 1963 included Bing Crosby, Jo Stafford, Rosemary Clooney, Nancy Sinatra, Esquivel and stand-up comedian Redd Foxx. The original Reprise LP label had four different logos, depending on the genre: a steamship for Pop records (pictured), a cherub for Jazz records, an owl for Spoken Word/Comedy records, and a picture of Sinatra for his records.

One of the label's founding principles under Sinatra's leadership was that each artist would have full creative freedom, and at some point complete ownership of their work, including publishing rights. This is the reason why recordings of early Reprise artists (Dean Martin, Jimi Hendrix, the Kinks, etc.) are (in most cases) currently distributed through other labels. In Martin's case, his Reprise recordings were out of print for nearly 20 years before a deal was struck with Capitol Records. Reprise continued to reissue the Sinatra catalog until 2013 when it was sold to Capitol.

Sold to Warner Bros.

In August, 1963, as part of a film deal, Warner Bros. purchased Reprise (which had been losing money) from Sinatra, who nonetheless retained a 1/3 interest in the label.^[4] Many of the older artists on the label were dropped by Warner Bros. Records. Reprise president Mo Ostin was retained as the head of the label and he went on to play a very significant role in the history of the Warner group of labels over the next four decades. Warner-Reprise executives began targeting younger acts, beginning by securing the American distribution rights to the Pye Records recordings by the Kinks in 1964. Reprise would soon add teen-oriented pop acts like Dino, Desi & Billy to the roster. As well, Frank's own daughter Nancy Sinatra (who had started recording for the label in 1961) would be retained by Ostin, becoming a major pop star starting in late 1965. The label moved almost exclusively to rock-oriented music in the late 1960s, although Frank Sinatra would continue to record for the label until the 1980s.

Through direct signings or distribution deals, by the 1970s the Reprise roster grew to include Lee Hazlewood, Jill Jackson, Jimi Hendrix, the early Joni Mitchell recordings, Neil Young, the Electric Prunes, Donna Loren, Arlo Guthrie, Norman Greenbaum, Tom Lehrer, Tiny Tim, Ry Cooder, Captain Beefheart, Family, the early 1970s recordings by Frank Zappa and the Mothers, Gram Parsons, Emmylou Harris, Nico's Desertshore, the Fugs, Jethro Tull, Pentangle, T. Rex, the Meters, John Cale, Gordon Lightfoot, Michael Franks, Richard Pryor, Al Jarreau, Fleetwood Mac, Fanny, and the Beach Boys.

Dormancy

In 1976, the Reprise label was deactivated by Warner Bros. and all of its roster (except Frank Sinatra and Neil Young) was moved to the main Warner Bros. label.^[4] An unconfirmed explanation for this move is that Sinatra wanted to be the only artist on Reprise, and Young is said to have been the only Reprise act who refused to agree to a change in labels.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} Although older catalog albums continued to be manufactured with the Reprise logo, and albums by the Beach Boys on Brother Records were issued in the Reprise catalog numbering sequence, aside from Sinatra and Young (and the Sylvia Syms album Syms by Sinatra, which Sinatra conducted and co-produced) there were no new releases on Reprise for years.

Revival and Reprise today (1985-present)

In late 1985, some copies of the Dream Academy's hit single Life in a Northern Town were pressed on the Warner Bros. label bearing the Reprise logo.^[5] 1986 saw releases bearing Reprise labels from the Dream Academy as well as Dwight Yoakam.^[6] In the summer of 1987, Warner Bros. Records chairman Mo Ostin and label president Lenny Waronker officially announced the reactivation of Reprise, including its own separate promotions department, and former Warner Bros. Vice President of Promotion Rich Fitzgerald was appointed as label Vice-President.^[7] In the time since, Warner Bros. has often elevated the stature of Reprise to the rank of secondary parent label, as many of its subsidiary labels (such as Straight and Kinetic) have had their records released in conjunction with Reprise.

As of 2017, it is home to such artists as Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Green Day, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Gerard Way and Never Shout Never.

It was formerly home to the Jimi Hendrix and the Barenaked Ladies' catalogs in the U.S.. When the Bee Gees back catalog was remastered by Rhino Records in the 2000s, their CDs were issued under the Reprise label (they appeared on sister labels Atco and Warner Bros. in the past).

Neil Young stated in a documentary about his life that Marilyn Manson was turned down by Reprise.

In 2010, Reprise opened a country music division, operating as part of Warner Music Group Nashville, featuring Blake Shelton, the JaneDear Girls, Michelle Branch and Frankie Ballard as part of its roster.^[8]

In September 2011, several layoffs took place at Reprise Records and other Warner labels.^[9]

In 2017, Reprise released Enya's albums on vinyl. Some of them were pressed on this format for the very first time.

Reprise Records artists

Labels

Parent organizations

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|last=Edwards|first=David|title=Reprise Records Story|url=http://www.bsnpubs.com/warner/reprise/reprisestory.html|accessdate=May 21, 2013}}
2. ^Reprise Records story.
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://tech.mit.edu/V110/N57/sinatr.57a.html|title=The Chairman of the Board hits another quarter century|work=The Tech|date=December 11, 1990|author=John Ward|publisher=}}
4. ^¹²{{cite web|last1=Giles|first1=Jeff|title=To Play and Play Again: How Frank Sinatra's Thirst for Creative Freedom Led to Some of Classic Rock's Greatest Records |url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/reprise-records-history/|website=ultimateclassicrock.com|publisher=Diffuser Network|accessdate=2016-08-02}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.45cat.com/record/728841|title=The Dream Academy - Life In A Northern Town|publisher=}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.45cat.com/label/reprise-us/27|title=Reprise Label Discography - USA - Page 27 - 45cat|publisher=}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.repriserec.com/reprise.html|title=Reprise Recs|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715174324/http://www.repriserec.com/reprise.html|archivedate=July 15, 2011|df=mdy-all}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.warnermusicnashville.com/|title=Warner Music Nashville Official Website|website=Warner Music Nashville Official Website|access-date=May 8, 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/updated-layoffs-at-warner-bros-reprise-1005343982.story|title=Updated: Layoffs At Warner Bros./Reprise|publisher=}}

External links