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词条 George Lewith
释义

  1. Education and career

  2. Research

  3. Broadcasting, advocacy and controversy

  4. Selected bibliography

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox scientist
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|death_date = {{death date and age|2017|03|17|1950|01|df=yes}}
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|fields = Complementary medicine
|workplaces = University of Southampton,
University of Westminster
|alma_mater = University of Cambridge,
Westminster Medical School
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|notable_students =
|known_for = CAM research and advocacy.
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George Lewith (12 January 1950 – 17 March 2017) was a professor at the University of Southampton researching alternative medicine and a practitioner of complementary medicine. He was a prominent and sometimes controversial advocate of complementary medicine in the UK.

Education and career

Lewith graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in medicine and biochemistry.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} He then went on to Westminster Medical School to complete his clinical studies and began working clinically in 1974. In 1977 Lewith became a member of the Royal College of Physicians.[1] Then, in 1980, he became a member of the Royal College of General Practitioners and, later in 1999, was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.

At the time of his death, he was a Professor of Health Research in the Department of Primary Care at the University of Southampton[2] and a director of the International Society for Complementary Medicine Research.[3] Lewith obtained a significant number of institutional peer reviewed fellowships at doctoral and post-doctoral level{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} and was principal investigator or collaborator in research grants totally over £5 million during the last decade.[4]{{Self-published inline|date=February 2012}}

Between 1980 and 2010, Lewith was a partner at the Centre for Complementary and Integrated Medicine, a private practice providing complementary treatments with clinics in London and Southampton.[2][5]

Research

Lewith's research has ranged across several areas of complementary medicine. This has involved examining how complementary techniques might be investigated[6] and the development of new research methodology to evaluate complementary techniques,[7] as well as the collection of primary research data concerning a variety of complementary techniques. His primary research has included examinations of the clinical effects of acupuncture and possible acupuncture mechanisms,[8] the effects of distant and present healing,[9] the clinical effects of homoeopathy,[10] the effects and activity of herbal medicine,[11] the clinical effects of the Alexander technique[12] and the use and effectiveness of a variety of nutritional supplements[13] and herbs.[14] Lewith has also co-authored several studies indicating a lack of specific efficacy in some complementary therapies and techniques.[15][16]

He has also investigated how and why people use complementary medicine and is currently involved in two major EU projects. One looking at the use, delivery and possible future research strategies of complementary medicine in Europe[17] and another relating to the use and investigation of Chinese herbal medicines within a European context.[18]

In his career, Lewith has published over 330 peer-reviewed publications,[19] authored several books and contributed to several others.

Broadcasting, advocacy and controversy

Lewith was a council member[20] of the Foundation for Integrated Medicine and later a foundation fellow[21][22] of the Prince of Wales' Foundation for Integrated Health, a controversial[23][24] charity that promoted complementary medicine and has since closed.[25] The Foundation for Integrated Medicine became the Prince of Wales' Foundation for Integrated Health in 2000.[26] In an article, Lewith described his research unit at the University of Southampton as having played an important role in the development of the foundation, with especial regard to its research and development agenda.[27]

In 1997, Lewith presented a documentary series examining complementary medicine for Channel 4 called Natural Born Healers.[28] The series won a Royal Television Society award for its programme on herbalism.[29] However, the series also drew criticism from Dr. Peter May and colleagues at the Grove Medical Practice in Southampton, who had cooperated with the programme, in a complaint to HealthWatch.[30] A book of the same title as the documentary series and co-authored by Lewith accompanied the series.[31]

In 2004 he participated in a radio series presented by Anna Ford about complementary medicine co-produced by BBC Radio 4 and the Open University, titled The Other Medicine.[32][33]

A 2006 BBC documentary series, Alternative Medicine, was criticised by several people, including Lewith, in the Guardian over a controversial sequence in which acupuncture appeared to be used as a replacement for general anaesthesia during open heart surgery.[34] Lewith had participated in the series as an advisor, but criticised the programme for inappropriate sensationalism and poor interpretation of science.

In criticisms published in the British Medical Journal, both Jane Cassidy and David Colquhoun criticise Lewith, claiming that he prescribes homoeopathy despite having written papers that conclude it doesn’t work.[35][36] Lewith has conducted research suggesting that the homeopathic remedy has no effect,[37][38] and other research suggesting that, while the homeopathic medicine itself does not appear to have an effect, the homeopathic consultation has a clinically relevant non-specific effect.[10]

Selected bibliography

Selected papers
  • (2006) "Developing a research strategy for acupuncture". Clinical Journal of Pain 22 (7): 632-638.
  • (2004) "Can a standardised acupuncture technique palliate disabling breathlessness: a single blind, placebo controlled, crossover study". Chest 125 (5): 1783-90.
  • (2002) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447291/ "Do attitudes toward and beliefs about complementary medicine affect treatment outcomes?"] American Journal of Public Health 92 (10): 1604-1606.
  • (2002) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC67767/ "A double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial of ultramolecular potencies of house dust mite in asthmatic patients"]. British Medical Journal 324: 520-523.
  • (2001) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC26588/ "Does electrodermal testing correlate with skin prick tests for allergies: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial"]. British Medical Journal 322: 131-134.
Selected books
  • The Acupuncture Treatment of Internal Disease: An Introduction to the Use of Traditional Chinese Acupuncture in the Treatment of Some Common Internal Diseases. Thorsons Publishers 1985. {{ISBN|978-0-7225-1103-9}}.
  • Alternative Therapies: A Guide to Complementary Medicine for the Health Professional. Heinemann, 1985. {{ISBN|978-0-433-19270-1}}.
  • Modern Chinese Acupuncture: A Review of Acupuncture Techniques as Practiced in China Today (with N. R. Lewith). Merlin Press, 1994. {{ISBN|978-1-85425-088-9}}.
  • Acupuncture: Its Place in Western Medical Science. Merlin Press, 1998. {{ISBN|978-1-85425-091-9}}.
  • Understanding Complementary Medicine. Family Doctor Publications, 2004. {{ISBN|978-1-903474-05-1}}.

References

1. ^{{cite journal|title=Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom: Members elected March 1977|journal=British Medical Journal|date=9 April 2007|volume=1|issue=6066|pages=980|pmc=1605759}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/medicine/about/staff/gl3.page|title=University of Southampton: George Lewith Profile|publisher=University of Southampton|accessdate=4 March 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=ISCMR: Board of Directors |url=http://www.iscmr.org/about/about_iscmr/#c57 |publisher=International Society for Complementary Medicine Research |accessdate=4 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023548/http://www.iscmr.org/about/about_iscmr/ |archivedate=26 February 2012 |df= }}
4. ^http://www.cam-research-group.co.uk/introduction.php
5. ^{{cite news|author=Richard Tomkins|title=Is a degree in homeopathy a sick joke?|date=23 May 2009|publisher=The Financial Times|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/e2772e34-45a0-11de-b6c8-00144feabdc0.html}}
6. ^George T. Lewith; David Machin (June 1983). "On the evaluation of the clinical effects of acupuncture". Pain 16 (2): 111-127. {{doi|10.1016/0304-3959(83)90202-6}}. {{PMID|6348651}}.
7. ^{{cite journal|last=Verhoef|first=MJ|author2=Lewith G |author3=Ritenbaugh C |title=Complementary and alternative medicine whole systems research: beyond identification of inadequacies of the RCT|journal=Complementary Therapies in Medicine|date=September 2005|volume=13|issue=3|pages=206–12|pmid=16150375|doi=10.1016/j.ctim.2005.05.001|display-authors=etal}}
8. ^{{cite journal|last=White|first=P|author2=Lewith G |author3=Prescott P |author4=Conway J |title=Acupuncture versus placebo for the treatment of chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized, controlled trial|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=December 2004|volume=141|issue=12|pages=911–9|pmid=15611488|url=http://www.annals.org/content/141/12/911.full.pdf |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00007}}
9. ^{{cite journal|last=Walach|first=H |author2=Bosch, H |author3=Lewith G|title=Effectiveness of distant healing for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised controlled partially blinded trial (EUHEALS)|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|year=2008|volume=77|issue=3|pages=158–66|pmid=18277062|doi=10.1159/000116609|display-authors=etal}}
10. ^1 Brien SB, Lachance L, Prescott P, et al. (June 2011). "Homeopathy has clinical benefits in rheumatoid arthritis patients which are attributable to the consultation process not the homeopathic remedy. A randomised controlled clinical trial". Rheumatology 50 (6): 1070-82. {{doi|10.1093/rheumatology/keq234}}. {{PMID|21076131}}.
11. ^{{cite journal|last=Chen|first=S|author2=Flower A |author3=Ritchie A |title=Oral Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review|journal=Lung Cancer|date=May 2010|volume=68|issue=2|pages=137–45|pmid=20015572|doi=10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.11.008|display-authors=etal}}
12. ^{{cite journal|last=Little|first=P|author2=Lewith G |author3=Webley F |title=Randomised controlled trial of Alexander technique lessons, exercise, and massage (ATEAM) for chronic and recurrent back pain|journal=BMJ|date=August 2008|volume=337|pages=a884|doi=10.1136/bmj.a884|pmid=18713809|url=http://www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/399632/field_highwire_article_pdf/0.pdf |pmc=3272681|display-authors=etal}}
13. ^{{cite journal|last=Brien|first=S|author2=Prescott P |author3=Coghlan B |title=Systematic review of the nutritional supplement Perna Canaliculus (green-lipped mussel) in the treatment of osteoarthritis|journal=QJM|date=January 2008|volume=101|issue=3|pages=167–179|doi=10.1093/qjmed/hcm108|pmid=18222988|url=http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/101/3/167.full.pdf|display-authors=etal}}
14. ^{{cite journal|last=Flower|first=A|author2=Lewith G |author3=Little P |title=Combining rigour with relevance: a novel methodology for testing Chinese herbal medicine|journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology|date=March 2011|volume=134|issue=2|pages=373–8|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.025|pmid=21187138}}
15. ^Lewith GT, Prescott P, Davis CL (May 2004). "Can a standardized acupuncture technique palliate disabling breathlessness: a single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study". Chest 125 (5): 1783-1790. {{doi|10.1378/chest.125.5.1783}}. {{PMID|15136391}}.
16. ^Lewith GT, Watkins AD, Hyland ME, et al. (March 2002). "Use of ultramolecular potencies of allergen to treat asthmatic people allergic to house dust mite: double blind randomised controlled clinical trial". BMJ 324 (7336): 520. {{doi|10.1136/bmj.324.7336.520}}. {{PMC|67767}}. {{PMID|11872551}}.
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cambrella.eu/home.php |title=CAMbrella - Communication Platform on topics related to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Europe |publisher=Cambrella.eu |date=2009-01-03 |accessdate=2011-10-13}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gp-tcm.org/ |title=Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine |publisher=Gp-tcm.org |accessdate=2011-10-13}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=University of Southampton: George Lewith profile|url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/medicine/about/staff/gl3.page|accessdate=27 February 2012}}
20. ^{{cite news|last=Rouse|first=Rose|title=Prescribing the good life|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/1999/feb/23/healthandwellbeing.health3|accessdate=3 March 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=23 February 1999}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Foundation of Integrated Health: Foundation Fellows |url=http://www.fih.org.uk/about_us/foundation_fellows.html |publisher=Foundation for Integrated Health |accessdate=2 September 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422061837/http://www.fih.org.uk/about_us/foundation_fellows.html |archivedate=22 April 2012 |df= }}
22. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/aug/02/prince-charles-college-medicine-holistic-complementary |title=College of Medicine born from ashes of Prince Charles's holistic health charity |author=Ian Sample |publisher=The Guardian |date=August 2, 2010}}
23. ^{{cite news|last=Booth|first=Robert|title=Prince Charles health charity accused of vendetta against critic|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/mar/19/prince-charles-health-charity-complaint|accessdate=5 March 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=19 March 2010}}
24. ^{{cite news|last=Booth|first=Robert|title=Arrests prompt questions about oversight of Prince's charities|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/apr/27/prince-charles-charity-arrests|accessdate=5 March 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=27 April 2010}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Prince of Wales's charity shut down after official arrested|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/7657629/Prince-of-Waless-charity-shut-down-after-official-arrested.html|accessdate=5 March 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=30 April 2010}}
26. ^{{cite journal|last=Lewith|first=G|author2=Verhoef M |author3=Koithan M |author4=Zick SM |title=Developing CAM Research Capacity for Complementary Medicine|journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine|date=June 2006|volume=3|issue=2|pages=283–9|doi=10.1093/ecam/nel007|pmid=16786061|pmc=1475932}}
27. ^{{cite journal|last=Lewith|first=George|title=Complementary Medicine Research Unit|journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine|date=January 2005|volume=2|issue=3|pages=399–407|doi=10.1093/ecam/neh109|pmid=16136220|pmc=1193549|url=http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2005/675828.pdf}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Filmography: Lewith, George|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/746298?view=credit|publisher=British Film Institute|accessdate=3 March 2012}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Educational Television Awards 1997: Personal Education|url=http://www.rts.org.uk/educational-television-awards-1997|publisher=Royal Television Society|accessdate=4 March 2012|date=2011-01-24}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Doctors in controversy over "natural born healers" |url=http://www.healthwatch-uk.org/newsletters/nlett28.html#chan4 |publisher=HealthWatch |accessdate=4 March 2012 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
31. ^{{cite book|last=George Lewith|first=Elisabeth Wilson|title=Natural Born Healers: How to Find the Best Complementary Health Treatments for You and Your Family|year=1997|publisher=Collins & Brown|location=London|isbn=978-1-85585-446-8}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Science: The Other Medicine|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/other_medicine_transcript1.shtml|publisher=BBC Radio 4|accessdate=4 March 2012}}
33. ^{{cite news|last=Nobis|first=Gabi|title=A good dose of the other medicine|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/a-good-dose-of-the-other-medicine-6160450.html|accessdate=4 March 2012|newspaper=The Independent|date=5 October 2004}}
34. ^{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Simon|title=A groundbreaking experiment ... or a sensationalised TV stunt?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/25/science.broadcasting|accessdate=4 March 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=25 March 2006}}
35. ^{{cite journal | journal=BMJ | volume= 342| doi=10.1136/bmj.d3712 | pmid=21677014 | date=15 June 2011 | title=The College of Medicine | author=Jane Cassidy | pages=d3712}}
36. ^{{cite journal | journal=BMJ | volume=343 | doi=10.1136/bmj.d4368 | date=12 July 2011 | title=The College of Medicine is Prince's Foundation reincarnated | author=David Colquhoun| pmid=21750061|url=http://www.dcscience.net/dc-bmj-july-2011.pdf | pages=d4368}}
37. ^{{cite journal|last=Lewith|first=GT|author2=Watkins AD |author3=Hyland ME |title=Use of ultramolecular potencies of allergen to treat asthmatic people allergic to house dust mite: double blind randomised controlled clinical trial|journal=BMJ|date=March 2002|volume=324|issue=7336|pages=520|doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7336.520|pmid=11872551|url=http://www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/333182/field_highwire_article_pdf/0.pdf |pmc=67767|display-authors=etal}}
38. ^{{cite journal|last=Brien|first=Sarah |author2=Lewith, George |author3=Bryant, Trevor|title=Ultramolecular homeopathy has no observable clinical effects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proving trial of Belladonna 30C|journal=British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=August 2003|volume=56|issue=5|pages=562–568|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01900.x|pmid=14651731|pmc=1884394}}

External links

  • Staff page at Southampton University
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lewith, George}}

7 : 1950 births|2017 deaths|British medical researchers|Academics of the University of Southampton|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|Alumni of Westminster Hospital Medical School|Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
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