| 词条 | George William Tighe |
| 释义 |
| image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1776|2|25}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1837|3|1|1776|2|25}} | death_place = Pisa, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (now Italy) | occupation = | movement = | influences = | influenced = | signature = }} George William Tighe 25 February 1776[1]{{spaced ndash}}March 1837[1]) was an Irish agricultural theorist who spent much of his life in Italy. Through his common-law marriage to Margaret King, he exerted an influence on the radical poet Percy Shelley. Agriculture and scienceA scholar of Claire Clairmont's life characterises Tighe as achieving "some degree of fame for his agricultural writings".[2] As an Irishman, he took his interest in potatoes abroad. While living in Italy, he had samples of the tubers sent to him from various regions, concluding gloomily that they were all of the same variety.[3] He had a copy of Humphry Davy's Elements of Agricultural Chemicals which he apparently lent to Percy Shelley, captivating the young traveller's attention for a week of study.[4] Life with Margaret KingTighe was living in Rome when he met the aristocrat, who was visiting the city with her then husband, the 2nd Earl Mountcashell, accompanied by her friend the memoirist Katherine Wilmot. They began a passionate affair around 1803 which continued until her death at Pisa in January 1835. Lady Mountcashell remained with her husband, however, until 1805 when he left her in Germany.[5] Lord and Lady Mountcashell did not legally separate until 1821, by which time she had been living with Tighe for almost 20 years. Around 1806,[5] Tighe and Lady Mountcashell moved to Jena where she was to assume the guise of a man to study medicine. Sometime later they then moved to live in Pisa[5] where she studied under Andrea Vaccá Berlinghieri, at the University of Pisa. The couple remained at Pisa until their deaths. Tighe and Lady Mountcashell lived together at Casa Silva, Pisa under the name of "Mr and Mrs Mason".[6] The name comes from the only children's book written by the pioneer educator and proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, who served as Margaret King's governess and inspired great devotion. Some of Wollstonecraft's experiences during this year made their way into Original Stories from Real Life (1788).[7] The maternal teacher who frames these stories is called Mrs Mason. The Shelleys and ByronThe Masons lived in Pisa with their daughters Lauretta and Nerina. They were visited in 1820 by a young threesome: the poet Percy Shelley, his wife the writer Mary Shelley (daughter of Godwin and Wollstonecraft, and already author of Frankenstein), and their translator her stepsister Claire Clairmont. "Mrs Mason" felt maternal towards the women, as they were both in a sense daughters of her life-changing motherly governess. She offered "sage advice" to Shelley about his health and to Clairmont about her career. She introduced them all to a new intellectual and social circle in Pisa, and helped Mary set up her household, finding them pleasant lodgings and advising on servants.[8] Tighe provided Percy Shelley with a great deal of material on chemistry, biology, and statistics. The Masons inspired the Shelleys with "a new-found sense of radicalism".[9] In 1821, Tighe became involved in the attempts of Clairmont to remove Allegra, her daughter by Lord Byron, from a convent in Ravenna. Tighe made a "secret trip to Ravenna and Bagnacavallo to find out what he could about the convent and Allegra's treatment there".[10] Byron scholar Leslie A. Marchand mentions that around the same time, an "orphan girl named Elizabeth Parker", living in the Masons' household, who was living with them [the Masons]" seems to have shared Tighe's poor opinion of Lord Byron.[11] Later life and deathTighe outlived his wife by two years before dying at Pisa in March 1837. They are both buried in the Old English Cemetery, Livorno. A copy of Tighe's will is held in The National Archives at Kew. This received English probate on 22 August 1837[12] as Tighe remained a British citizen at his death. MarriageLady Mount Cashell left her husband, Stephen Moore, 2nd Earl Mountcashell, for Tighe circa 1803.[13] Although it is suggested that Tighe and Lady Mountcashell were married circa 1822,[5][14] her grave inscription refers to her as "Margaret Jane MOUNTCASHELL, née KING".[15] FamilyTighe and Margaret King had two daughters:
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=George W. Tighe|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p19036.htm#i190358|work=thepeerage.com|accessdate=30 May 2013}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tighe, George William}}2. ^{{cite book|last1=Stocking|first1=Marion Kingston|title=The Journals of Claire Clairmont|page=139}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Gentilcore|title=Italy and the Potato: A History, 1550-2000|date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury|page=22|accessdate=9 November 2017}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Adamson|first1=Carlene|title=The Witch of Atlas Notebook: A Facsimile of Bodleian MS. Shelly Adds., E.6, Volume 5|date=1997|publisher=Garland Publishing|location=New York and London|page=Introduction, p. xlvi|accessdate=9 November 2017}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last=Hopkins |first=Keriann |title=Margaret King, Lady Mount Cashell and Mrs. Mason: A Biography of One Woman |url=http://ocw.nd.edu/political-science/mary-wollstonecraft-and-mary-shelley/biographies-1/lady-mount-cashell |publisher=University of Notre Dame |accessdate=30 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521022806/http://ocw.nd.edu/political-science/mary-wollstonecraft-and-mary-shelley/biographies-1/lady-mount-cashell |archivedate=21 May 2013 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Marchand|first=Leslie A.|title=Byron : A Biography, Volume III|year=1957|publisher=Alfred A. Knopff|location=New York|pages=945|url=https://archive.org/stream/byronabiographyv007277mbp/byronabiographyv007277mbp_djvu.txt}} 7. ^Tomalin, 64–88; Wardle, 60ff; Sunstein, 160-61. 8. ^Young Romantics: The Shelleys, Byron and Other Tangled Lives by Daisy Hay, 2010. p 184 9. ^Shelley and the Revolution in taste: the body and the natural world By Timothy Morton, p232 10. ^{{cite book|last=Marchand|first=Leslie A.|title=Byron : A Biography, Volume III|year=1957|publisher=Alfred A. Knopff|location=New York|pages=973|url=https://archive.org/stream/byronabiographyv007277mbp/byronabiographyv007277mbp_djvu.txt}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Marchand|first=Leslie A.|title=Byron : A Biography, Volume III|year=1957|publisher=Alfred A. Knopff|location=New York|pages=976|url=https://archive.org/stream/byronabiographyv007277mbp/byronabiographyv007277mbp_djvu.txt}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Will of Giorgio Guglielmo otherwise George William Tighe of Pisa, Italy|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/details/D287718?descriptiontype=Full&ref=PROB+11/1883/314|accessdate=30 May 2013}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Stephen Moore, 2nd Earl Mountcashell|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p19036.htm#i190357|work=thepeerage.com|accessdate=30 May 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Lady Margaret King|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p19036.htm#i190356|work=thepeerage.com|accessdate=30 May 2013}} 15. ^{{cite web|last=Giunti|first=Matteo|title=Burials at the Old English Cemetery of Livorno (Via Verdi)|url=http://leghornmerchants.wordpress.com/2010/01/20/burials-at-the-old-english-cemetery/|work=Leghorn Merchant Networks Blog|accessdate=30 May 2013}} 5 : 1776 births|1837 deaths|18th-century Irish people|19th-century Irish people|Irish expatriates in Italy |
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