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词条 German submarine U-105 (1940)
释义

  1. Construction and design

     Construction  Design 

  2. Service history

     1941  1942 

  3. Summary of raiding history

  4. References

     Notes  Citations 

  5. Bibliography

  6. External links

{{Other ships|German submarine U-105}}{{good article}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=U-110 and HMS Bulldog.jpgShip image size=300pxU-110|1940|2}}, a U-boat of the same type as U-105
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=Nazi GermanyNazi Germany|naval}}Ship name=U-105Ship ordered=24 May 1938[1]Ship builder=DeSchiMAG AG Weser, Bremen[1]Ship yard number=968[1]Ship laid down=16 November 1939[1]Ship launched=15 June 1940[1]Ship commissioned=10 September 1940[1]Ship homeport=Lorient, France[2]Antarès. 53 dead (all hands lost)[1]{{sfn>Kemp|1999|p=123}}
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=German Type IXB submarineShip displacement=
  • {{convert|1051|t|LT|abbr=on}} surfaced
  • {{convert|1178|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
Ship length=
  • {{convert|76.50|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} o/a
  • {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
Ship beam=
  • {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
  • {{convert|4.40|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
Ship draught=
  • {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
Ship speed=
  • {{convert|18.2|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
  • {{convert|7.3|kn}} submerged
Ship range=
  • {{convert|12,000|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
  • {{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
Ship armament=
  • 6 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four bow, two stern)
  • 22 × torpedoes or 44 TMA mines
  • 1 × {{convert|10.5|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/32 deck gun (180 rounds)
  • 1 × {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 AA gun
  • 1 × twin 2 cm FlaK 30 AA guns
Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox service record		is_ship=yeslabel=Service recordpartof=
  • 2nd U-boat Flotilla
  • 10 September 1940 – 2 June 1943[1]
codes=M 22 946commanders=
  • Kapitänleutnant Georg Schewe
  • 10 September 1940 – 6 January 1942
  • Heinrich Schuch
  • 7 January – 30 September 1942
  • Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Adolf Schweichel
  • 1–29 October 1942
  • Kapitänleutnant Jürgen Nissen
  • 29 October 1942 – 2 June 1943[1]
operations=Nine patrols[2]victories=
  • 23 ships sunk for a total of {{GRT|125,470}}[3]

}}

German submarine U-105 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. She was ordered in May 1938 as part of Germany's naval rearmament program. Her keel was laid down in Bremen in November 1938. After roughly seven months of construction, she was launched in June 1940 and formally commissioned into the Kriegsmarine in September 1940.

During her three-year career, U-105 sank 23 vessels for a total loss of {{GRT|125,470|disp=long}} before being sunk by the Free French Forces off the coast of Dakar (Senegal) in June 1943.

Construction and design

Construction

{{main|German Type IXB submarine}}U-105 was ordered by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine on 24 May 1938; her keel was laid down on 16 November 1938 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 968. She was launched on 15 June 1940 and commissioned on 10 September under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg Schewe.[1]

Design

German Type IXB submarines were slightly larger than the original German Type IX submarines, later designated IXA. U-105 had a displacement of {{convert|1051|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1178|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.50|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.2|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|64|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12000|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-105 was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one {{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 as well as a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}

Service history

Under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg Schewe, U-105 left Kiel on 24 December 1940. She spent 39 days in the North Sea. During this patrol, she sank the British ship Bassano on 9 January 1941,{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=487}} and Lurigethan, part of Convoy SL-61, on 26 January 1941, totalling {{GRT|8,407|link=off}}. Five days later, on 31 January, U-105 arrived at the German-occupied port of Lorient, France,[4] which would remain her home port for the rest of her career.[2]

1941

U-105 left Lorient on her second patrol on 22 February 1941 and underwent a 112-day voyage in the Atlantic Ocean. Along with {{GS|U-124|1940|2}}, she was directed by the Oberkommando der Marine (Supreme naval headquarters), to attack Convoy SL-67.[5] During this attack, U-105 sank the merchant ship Harmodius,{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=45}} on 8 March.{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=498}} Collectively, the two U-boats sank a total of 28,148 tons.[5] U105 then stalked Convoy SL-68, sinking Medjerda{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=46}} on 18 March,{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=504}} Mandalika on 19 March{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=46}} and Clan Ogilvy,{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=493}} Benwyvis{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=488}} and Jhelum,{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=47}} all on the 21st. U-105 went on to score Nazi Germany's first kill off the coast of South America when she sank Ena de Larrinaga{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=48}} on 5 April 1941.[6]{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=496}} Later during the patrol she sank Oakdene, part of Convoy OG-59. On 6 May,[6] Benvrackie,{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=488}} part of Convoy OB 312; on the 13th,{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=488}} Benvenue{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=488}} part of Convoy OB 314 and on the 15th,{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=488}} Rodney Star on 16 May and Scottish Monarch on 1 June{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=54}}{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=510}} as part of Convoy OB 319. This was the second most successful U-boat patrol of the entire Second World War, with 12 ships sunk for a total of {{GRT|71,450|link=off}}.[7] On 5 May 1941, the 105mm deck gun exploded, wounding six crew members. U-105 returned to Lorient on 13 June,[8] and remained there until 3 August, when she departed on her third war patrol.[9]

On 5 August she was assigned to wolfpack 'Hammer' and remained with it until it was disbanded on 12 August,[10] when she was reassigned to wolfpack 'Grönland', with which she remained until its disbanding on 27 August.[11] She was then assigned to wolfpack 'Margrave',{{sfn|Williamson|2005|p=210}} and sank the Panamanian merchant ship Montana,

{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=65}} part of Convoy SC 42, on 11 September.{{sfn|Jordan|2006|p=449}} She returned to Lorient nine days later.[9]U-105 left Lorient on her fourth patrol on 8 November 1941 and spent 36 days in the North Atlantic. On 14 November she was assigned to wolfpack 'Steuben' and remained with it until 2 December.[12] Having sunk no ships during the patrol, she returned to Lorient on 13 December 1941.[13] Georg Schewe left the boat shortly after this patrol, and was replaced as commander by Heinrich Schuch.[1]

1942

On 25 January 1942 U-105 left Lorient on her fifth patrol. On 31 January she sank the British warship {{HMS|Culver|Y87|6}}, part of Convoy SL 98,{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=76}} south-west of Ireland,[14] and, on 5 February 1942, she rescued seven men from a crashed German Dornier Do 24 350 miles off the coast of France. U-105 returned to Lorient on 8 February.[15] Seventeen days later, on 25 February, U-105 left Lorient. Between 25 and 27 March, she sank the British merchant ship Narragansett and the Norwegian merchant ship Svenør off the east coast of the United States. U-105 returned to Lorient on 15 April after spending 50 days in the North Atlantic,[16] and left on another patrol on 7 June. While crossing the Bay of Biscay, she was attacked by an Australian Short Sunderland aircraft from No. 10 Squadron RAAF. U-105 sought shelter in Ferrol, Spain[17] and did not leave until 28 June, when she departed for Lorient, which she reached on the 30th. The attack apparently caused serious damage, as she did not sail again until 23 November.[18] During this period, Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Adolf Schweichel was put in command of the boat, but did not undertake any patrols[19] and was replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Jürgen Nissen, under whose command U-105 left Lorient.[35]

While patrolling the North Atlantic she succeeded in sinking three British merchant ships; Orfor

{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=141}} on 14 December 1942, C.S. Flight on 12 January 1943, and British Vigilance, part of Convoy TM 1, on 24 January, as well as the American freighter[20] Cape Decision on the 27th.[21] U-105 returned to Lorient on 14 February,[21] and remained there until 16 March. During this patrol, (on 1 April), the boat's commander, Jürgen Nissen, was promoted to Kapitänleutnant.[22] On 15 May 1943 U-105 sank the Greek merchant ship Maroussio Logothetis{{sfn|Rohwer|1999|p=167}} 250 miles southwest of Freetown.[23] On 2 June 1943, while passing close to Dakar, U-105 was attacked and sunk by a Potez-CAMS 141 flying boat "Antarés" from Free French Squadron 141. All 53 crew members were killed.[1][24]{{sfn|Blair|1998|page=207}}

Summary of raiding history

DateShipNationalityTonnage[25]Fate
9 January 1941Bassano{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}4,843Sunk
26 January 1941Lurigethan{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}3,564Sunk
8 March 1941Harmodius{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,229Sunk
18 March 1941Medjerda{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}4,380Sunk
19 March 1941Mandalika{{flag|Netherlands}}7,750Sunk
21 March 1941Benwyvis{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,920Sunk
21 March 1941Clan Ogilvy{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,802Sunk
21 March 1941Jhelum{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}4,038Sunk
5 April 1941Ena de Larringa{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,200Sunk
6 May 1941Oakdene{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}4,255Sunk
13 May 1941Benyrackie{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}6,434Sunk
15 May 1941Benvenue{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,920Sunk
16 May 1941Rodney Star{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}11,803Sunk
1 June 1941Scottish Monarch{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}4,719Sunk
11 September 1941Montana{{flag|Panama}}1,549Sunk
31 January 1942HMS Culver{{navy|United Kingdom}}1,546Sunk
25 March 1942Narrangansett{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}10,389Sunk
27 March 1942Svenør{{flag|Norway}}7,616Sunk
14 December 1942Orfor{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}6,578Sunk
12 January 1943C.S. Flight*{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}67Sunk
24 January 1943British Vigilance{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}8,093Sunk
27 January 1943Cape Decision{{flag|United States|1912}}5,106Sunk
15 May 1943Marusso Logothetis{{flag|Greece}}4,669Sunk

* Sailing vessel

References

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u105.htm |title=The Type IXB boat U-105 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=3 July 2011}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=War Patrols by U-105 |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/index.html?boat=105 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=3 July 2011}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/details.php?boat=105 |title=Ships hit by U-105 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=3 July 2011}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=Patrol info for U-105 (First patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3704.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=4 July 2011}}
5. ^1 {{cite book| last=Garzke and Dulin|title=Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II|page=142}}
6. ^1 {{cite book|last=Carey|title=Galloping Ghosts of the Brazilian Coast|page=6}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=Korvettenkapitän Georg Schewe |url=http://uboat.net/men/schewe.htm |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=5 July 2011}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=U-boat patrols: Patrol info for U-105 (Second patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3705.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=4 July 2011}}
9. ^1 {{cite web |title=U-boat patrols: Patrol info for U-105 (Third patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3706.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=4 July 2011}}
10. ^{{cite web |title=Wolfpack Hammer |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/213.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 August 2011}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=Wolfpack Grönland |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/208.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 August 2011}}
12. ^{{cite web |title=Wolfpack Steuben |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/19.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 August 2011}}
13. ^{{cite web |title=U-boat patrols: Patrol info for U-105 (Fourth patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3707.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=4 July 2011}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-16CGC-Culver.htm|title=HMS CULVER (Y 87) - ex-US Coast Guard Cutter |author=Geoffrey B. Mason|work=Service histories of Royal Navy warships in World War 2|publisher=Naval-history.net |accessdate=5 August 2011}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=U-boat patrols: Patrol info for U-105 (Fifth patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3708.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=5 July 2011}}
16. ^{{cite web |title=U-boat patrols: Patrol info for U-105 (Sixth patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3709.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=5 July 2011}}
17. ^{{cite book|last=Lake|title=Sunderland Squadrons of World War 2|page=32}}
18. ^{{cite web |title=U-boat patrols: Patrol info for U-105 (Seventh patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3710.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=5 July 2011}}
19. ^{{cite web |title=Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Adolf Schweichel |url=http://uboat.net/men/commanders/1178.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=30 August 2011}}
20. ^{{cite book|last=Dickson|title=World War Two Almanac|page=158}}
21. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=U-boat patrols: Patrol info for U-105 (Eighth patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3712.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 July 2011}}
22. ^{{cite web |title=Kapitänleutnant Jürgen Nissen |url=http://uboat.net/men/commanders/884.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=29 August 2011}}
23. ^{{cite web |title=Maroussio Logothetis (Greek Steam merchant) |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2926.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 July 2011}}
24. ^{{cite web |title=Patrol info for U-105 (Ninth patrol) |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3713.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 July 2011}}
25. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement.

Citations

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{cite book|author=Clay Blair|authorlink=Clay Blair|title=Hitler's U-boat War: The Hunted, 1942-1945|year=1998|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-679-45742-8

}}
  • {{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Carey|first=Alan|title=Galloping Ghosts of the Brazilian Coast: United States Naval Air Operations in the South Atlantic During World War II|year=2004|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-31527-7}}
  • {{cite book|last=Dickson|first=Keith|title=World War Two almanac|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8160-6297-3}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Garzke|first1=William|last2=Dulin|first2=Robert|title=Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II|year=1985|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-87021-101-3}}
  • {{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}
  • {{cite book|last=Jordan|first=Roger|title=The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars And Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships|year=2006|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=1-59114-959-2|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book

|last=Kemp
|first=Paul
|title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars
|location=London
|year=1999
|publisher=Arms & Armour
|isbn=1-85409-515-3
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{cite book|last=Lake|first=Jon|title=Sunderland Squadrons of World War 2|year=2000|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=1-84176-024-2}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-16CGC-Culver.htm|title=HMS CULVER (Y 87) - ex-US Coast Guard Cutter |author=Geoffrey B. Mason|work=Service histories of Royal Navy warships in World War 2|publisher=Naval-history.net}}
  • {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Axis submarine successes of World War Two: German, Italian, and Japanese submarine successes, 1939-1945|year=1999|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=1-85367-340-4|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Williamson|first1=Gordon|authorlink1=Gordon Williamson (writer)|last2=Palmer|first2=Ian|title=Kriegsmarine U-boats, 1939-45 (2)|year=2002|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=1-84176-364-0}}
  • {{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Williamson|title=Wolf Pack: The Story of the U-Boat in World War II|year=2005|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=1-84176-872-3|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

External links

  • {{cite web

|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u105.htm
|title=The Type IXB boat U-105
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=3 July 2011}}
  • {{cite web

|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0105.html
|title=U 105
|last=Hofmann
|first=Markus
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
|language=German
|accessdate=30 January 2015
}}{{German Type IXB submarines}}{{June 1943 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0105}}

11 : 1940 ships|Ships built in Bremen (state)|World War II submarines of Germany|German Type IX submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1940|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by French aircraft|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|U-boats sunk in 1943|Ships lost with all hands|Maritime incidents in June 1943
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