| 词条 | German submarine U-136 (1941) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-136 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down at Vulkan-Vegesackerwerft in Bremen on 2 October 1940 as yard number 15, launched on 5 July 1941 and commissioned on 30 August with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Zimmermann in command. Her service career began with the commencement of crew training with the 6th U-boat Flotilla on her commissioning date. She became operational on 1 January 1942, also with the 6th flotilla. She sank five ships, with a total of {{GRT|23,649|disp=long}} and two warships totalling 1,850 tons. She also damaged one ship of {{GRT|8,955|link=off}}. DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-136 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two MAN 6-cylinder 4-stroke M6V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-136 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service history1st PatrolHer first patrol was unusual in that it was divided into three parts. Part one saw the boat depart Kiel on 22 January 1942 and arrive at Kristiansand in Norway on the 24th. Part two was from Kristiansand to Bergen, also in Norway. Part three involved the boat crossing the North Sea and negotiating the passage between the Faroe and Shetland Islands into the Atlantic Ocean. While doing so, she sank {{HMS|Arbutus|K86|6}} on 5 February and {{HMCS|Spikenard|K198|6}} on the 11th. She also sank 'MV Empire Comet' on the 17th. She then sailed to St. Nazaire in occupied France, arriving on 1 March. 2nd patrolDuring U-136{{'}}es second patrol, the boat damaged Axtell J. Byles off the US North Carolina coast on 19 April 1942 and sink Empire Drum about {{convert|280|nmi|abbr=on}} southeast of New York on the 24th. All the crew survived; one of them, the third engineer, was found floating with a part of the ship's cargo tucked under each arm - it was TNT. 3rd patrol and lossThe boat's third and last patrol began with her departure from St. Nazaire on 29 June 1942. On 11 July, she was sunk with all hands (45 men), by depth charges from the Free French destroyer Léopard, the British frigate {{HMS|Spey}} and the British sloop {{HMS|Pelican}} west of Madeira. WolfpacksU-136 took part in two wolfpacks, namely,
Summary of raiding history
ReferencesNotes1. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement. 2. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u136.html |title=Ships hit by U-136 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=9 December 2014}} Citations{{reflist}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u136.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-136 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=9 December 2014 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0136.html |title=U 136 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{July 1942 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{coord|33|30|N|22|52|W|type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0136}} 12 : German Type VIIC submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1941|U-boats sunk in 1942|World War II submarines of Germany|1941 ships|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|Ships built in Bremen (state)|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by British warships|U-boats sunk by French warships|Ships lost with all hands|Maritime incidents in July 1942 |
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