| 词条 | German submarine U-154 (1941) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-154 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. The keel for this boat was laid down on 21 September 1940 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen, Germany as yard number 996. She was launched on 21 April 1941 and commissioned on 2 August under the command of Korvettenkapitän Walther Kölle. The submarine began her service life with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla; moving on to the 2nd flotilla for operations. She conducted eight patrols, sinking ten ships. She was sunk by American destroyers in July 1944. DesignGerman Type IXC submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXBs. U-154 had a displacement of {{convert|1120|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1232|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.3|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|63|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|13450|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-154 was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one {{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 as well as a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} Service history1st patrolThe boat's first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 7 February 1942. She headed for the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland via the gap between the Faroe and Shetland Islands. She docked at Lorient in occupied France, on 1 March. 2nd patrolFor her second sortie, she sailed to the Caribbean, sinking Como Rico on 4 April 1942, about {{convert|225|nmi|abbr=on}} north of St. Juan, in Puerto Rico. Her success continued with the sinking of Catahoula, Delvalle, Empire Amethyst and Vineland, all near Haiti and the Dominican Republic. 3rd, 4th and 5th patrolsHer third patrol saw her cross the Atlantic once more. She sank Tillie Lykes on 28 June 1942, about {{convert|100|nmi|abbr=on}} south of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic and Lalita, using the deck gun, in the Yucatán Channel on 6 July. One of the boat's victims on this, her fourth patrol, was Nurmahal. She was sunk on 9 November 1942 {{convert|300|nmi|abbr=on}} east of Martinique "in less than thirty seconds."[1] Another was Tower Grange, sunk {{convert|250|nmi|abbr=on}} off Cayenne in French Guiana. Having made the short trip from Lorient to Brest, the submarine's fifth foray was her longest (109 days) and second most successful. Amongst many others, she attacked Florida. Although the ship had her back broken on 28 May 1943, she was eventually repaired. 6th, 7th and 8th patrols and lossShe departed on patrol number six on 2 October 1943. U-154 was attacked by an unidentified PBY Catalina flying boat on 3 November; she was also twice attacked on the 22nd. None caused any damage. The boat returned to Lorient on 20 December. She was then attacked on 13 March 1944, possibly by the US Navy patrol boat {{USS|PC-469}} north of the Panama Canal; only minor damage was sustained. U-154 was also engaged on 29 March by the Colombian Navy destroyer {{ship|ARC|Caldas}}. She returned to France, again to Lorient, on 28 April 1944. U-154 was sunk by the US destroyers {{USS|Inch|DE-146|6}} and {{USS|Frost|DE-144|2}} northwest of Madeira on 3 July 1944. WolfpacksU-154 took part in one wolfpack, namely.
PostscriptOblt.z.S. Oskar-Heinz Kusch, who had commanded the boat in 1943 and the first month of 1944 and successfully attacked three ships, was court-martialled and shot in 1944, having been reported by his first officer,[2] Ulrich Abel, for "Wehrkraftzersetzung" (sedition and defeatism). Ulrich Abel gained his own command U-193 but will killed when it was sunk in April 1944. It was not until the 1990s that Kusch's legal record was wiped clean and a memorial to his memory was erected. Summary of raiding history
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u154/html |title=Ships hit by U-154 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of World War II – uboat.net |accessdate=7 December 2014}} 2. ^Sharpe 1998 p.53-54 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u154/html |title=Ships hit by U-154 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of World War II – uboat.net |accessdate=7 December 2014}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed – German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}
|last=Sharpe |first=Peter |title=U-Boat Fact File |location=Earl Shilton |year=1998 |publisher=Midland Publishing |isbn=1-85780-072-9 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u154.htm |title=The Type IXC boat U-154 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of World War II – uboat.net |accessdate=7 December 2014 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0154.html |title=U 154 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 – u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=7 December 2014 }}{{German Type IXC submarines}}{{July 1944 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{coord|34|00|N|19|18|W|source:plwiki|display=title}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0153}} 10 : German Type IX submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1941|U-boats sunk in 1944|World War II submarines of Germany|1941 ships|Ships built in Bremen (state)|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by US warships|Ships lost with all hands|Maritime incidents in July 1944 |
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