| 词条 | German submarine U-319 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-319 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She carried out just one patrol, but did not sink any ships. The boat was sunk in July 1944 by a British aircraft in the North Sea. DesignGerman Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines. U-319 had a displacement of {{convert|759|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|860|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-319 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42 and two {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyThe submarine was laid down on 18 November 1942 by the Flender Werke yard at Lübeck as yard number 319, launched on 16 October 1943, and commissioned on 4 December under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Johannes Clemens. She served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training, from 4 December 1943 to 1 June 1944 and the same organization for operations until her sinking on 15 July 1944. Having made the short journey from Kiel in Germany to Stavanger in Norway in June 1944, she commenced her first and only patrol on 5 July. FateU-319 was sunk by a British B-24 Liberator of 206 Squadron RAF in the North Sea, southwest of Lindesnes, on 15 July 1944. Fifty-one men from the U-boat died. There were no survivors. The aircraft failed to return; it was presumably shot down by the U-boat's anti-aircraft defences. A crewman's body was picked up the next day.[3]{{sfn|Kemp|1999|p=203}} Clemens' remains were recovered and interred at the military cemetery in Stavanger.[4]See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u319.htm |title=The Type VIIC/41 boat U-319 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=19 August 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u319.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-319 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=19 August 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u319/htm|title=The Type VIIC/41 boat U-319|last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0319.html|title=U 319|last=Hofmann|first=Markus|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de|language=German|accessdate=1 February 2015}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u319.htm |title=The Type VII/C41 boat U-319 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 December 2014 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0319.html |title=U 319 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=2014-12-06 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{July 1944 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0319}} 10 : German Type VIIC/41 submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1943|1943 ships|World War II submarines of Germany|Ships built in Lübeck|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by British aircraft|Ships lost with all hands|U-boats sunk in 1944|Maritime incidents in July 1944 |
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