“German submarine U-336”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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German submarine U-336

释义

Design
Service history
1st patrol 2nd patrol 3rd patrol 4th patrol 5th patrol
Fate
Wolfpacks
Summary of raiding history
References
Bibliography
External links

{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=File:80-G-207650 (34733664614).jpg

Ship caption=Aerial attack on U-336 on 3 October 1943
}}{{Infobox ship career

Hide header=

Ship country=Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany|naval}}

Ship name=U-336

Ship ordered=15 August 1940

Ship builder=Nordseewerke, Emden

Ship yard number=208

Ship laid down=28 March 1941

Ship launched=4 December 1941

Ship commissioned=14 February 1942

Ship homeport=

Ship motto=

Ship nickname=

Kemp|1999|p=146}}

Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship class=Type VIIC submarine

Ship displacement=

{{convert|769|t|LT|0}} surfaced
{{convert|871|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged

Ship length=

{{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

Ship beam=

{{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

Ship power=

{{convert|2800|–|3200|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
{{convert|750|PS|kW shp|abbr=on}} (electric)

Ship propulsion=

2 shafts
2 × diesel engines
2 × electric motors

Ship speed=

{{convert|17.7|kn}} surfaced
{{convert|7.6|kn}} submerged

Ship range=

{{convert|8,500|nmi|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
{{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged

Ship test depth=

{{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Crush depth: {{convert|250|–|295|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Ship complement=4 officers, 40–56 enlisted

Ship sensors=

Ship EW=

Ship armament=

5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern)
14 × torpedoes or 26 TMA mines
1 × {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun (220 rounds)
1 x {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 AA gun

Ship notes=
}}{{Service record

is_ship=yes

label=Service record^[1]^[2]

partof=

8th U-boat Flotilla
14 February – 30 November 1942
1st U-boat Flotilla
1 December 1942 – 5 October 1943

codes=

commanders=

Kptlt. Hans Hunger
14 February 1942 – 5 October 1943

operations=

Five patrols:
12–13 November 1942
28 November 1942 – 8 January 1943
2 March – 11 April 1943
8 May – 17 July 1943
14 September – 5 October 1943

4919}}
}}

German submarine U-336 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 28 March 1941 at the Nordseewerke yard at Emden as yard number 208, launched on 4 December and commissioned on 14 February 1942 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hans Hunger.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-336 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-336 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

Service history

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla, she moved to the 1st flotilla for front-line service in December 1942.

The boat carried out five patrols, sinking one ship.

She was a member of ten wolfpacks.

1st patrol

The boat's first patrol was very brief; starting and finishing in Kiel on the 12th and 13 November 1942.

2nd patrol

Her second foray also started in Kiel, but terminated in Brest in occupied France after passing between the Faroe and Shetland Islands. She sank the Belgian tanker President Francqui on 29 December 1942 north of the Azores. The ship had already been hit by two torpedoes. U-336 finished her off with a 'coup de grâce'.

3rd patrol

The submarine's third sortie was again into the mid-Atlantic. She spent days scouring the empty wastes, but returned to Brest without success.

4th patrol

'U-336{{'}}s fourth patrol was, at 71 days, her longest. She was attacked by an unidentified aircraft on 10 July 1943 west of Lisbon. Slight damage was the result.

5th patrol

U-336 left Brest for the last time on 14 September 1943. Initially she headed west, out of the Bay of Biscay. On the 24th, she turned north.

Fate

On 5 October, she was sunk by rockets fired by a British Lockheed Hudson of No. 269 Squadron RAF in the Denmark Strait,{{sfn|Kemp|1999|p=146}} (between Greenland and Iceland).^[3]

Fifty men died; there were no survivors.^[4]

Wolfpacks

U-336 took part in ten wolfpacks, namely.

Ungestüm (11–30 December 1942)
Neuland (8–13 March 1943)
Dränger (14–20 March 1943)
Seewolf (21–30 March 1943)
Oder (17–19 May 1943)
Mosel (19–24 May 1943)
Trutz (1–16 June 1943)
Trutz 2 (16–29 June 1943)
Geier 3 (30 June - 10 July 1943)
Rossbach (24 September - 5 October 1943)

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate^[5]
29 December 1942	President Francqui	{{flag\|Belgium}}	4,919	Sunk

References

1. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u336.htm |title=The Type VIIC boat U-336 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=21 August 2012}}
2. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u336.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-336 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=21 August 2012}}
3. ^The Times Atlas of the World - Third edition, revised 1995, {{ISBN|0 7230 0809 4}}, p. 2
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u336.htm |title=The Type VIIC boat U-336 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u336.html |title=Ships hit by U-336 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 July 2014}}

Bibliography

{{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
{{cite book

|last1=Busch
|first1=Rainer
|last2=Röll
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|ref=harv
}}

{{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}

{{cite book

|last=Kemp
|first=Paul
|title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars
|location=London
|year=1999
|publisher=Arms & Armour
|isbn=1-85409-515-3
|ref=harv
}}{{Refend}}

External links

{{Cite web

|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u336.html
|title=The Type VIIC boat U-336
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=26 December 2014
}}

{{cite web

| url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0336.html
| title=U 336
| last=Hofmann
| first=Markus
| website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
| language=German
| accessdate=26 December 2014
}}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{December 1942 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}{{coord|62|43|N|27|17|W|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0336}}

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