词条 | German submarine U-456 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
German submarine U-456 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 3 September 1940 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 287, launched on 21 June 1941 and commissioned on 18 September 1941 under Kapitänleutnant Max-Martin Teichert (Knight’s Cross). DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-456 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-456 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyThe boat's service began on 28 September 1941 with training as part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla. She was transferred to the 11th flotilla on 1 July 1942 and then to the 1st flotilla on 1 December 1942. In 11 patrols she sank six ships for a total of {{GRT|31,528|disp=long}}, plus two ships damaged. HMS EdinburghIn the late afternoon of 30 April 1942, during the attack on the Arctic Convoy QP 11, two of her torpedoes struck and crippled the Royal Navy light cruiser {{HMS|Edinburgh|16|6}}. At the time Edinburgh was carrying many tons of gold bullion from the USSR destined for the UK. WolfpacksShe took part in ten wolfpacks, namely,
FateIn the early morning light U-456 was caught on the surface by an RAF Coastal Command Liberator bomber of 86 Squadron operating out of Northern Ireland, as she circled ahead of convoy HX 237. U-456 dived at once, but not before the aircraft had launched the new American Fido acoustic homing torpedo at the submerged submarine. The aircraft, low on fuel, was unable to press home the attack. U-456 was badly damaged and forced to re-surface. On the following day she was depth charged and sunk on 12 May 1943 at position {{coord|46|39|N|26|54|W|display=title, inline}} by {{HMS|Opportune|G80|6}}. Summary of raiding history
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u456.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-456 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=28 April 2014}} 2. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u456.html |title=Ships hit by U-456 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=28 April 2014}} Citations{{reflist|30em}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last=Edwards |first=Bernard |title=Dönitz and the Wolf Packs – The U-Boats at War |publisher=Cassell Military Classics |year=1996 |location=London, UK |pages=141, 208, 210, 211 |isbn=0-304-35203-9 }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u456.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-456 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=27 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{May 1943 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0456}} 10 : Ships lost with all hands|German Type VIIC submarines|1941 ships|U-boats commissioned in 1941|U-boats sunk in 1943|U-boats sunk by British warships|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|Ships built in Kiel|Maritime incidents in May 1943 |
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