| 词条 | German submarine U-457 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-457 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She carried out three patrols, on which she sank two ships and damaged one more. She was sunk northeast of the North Cape by a British warship, in September 1942.{{sfn|Kemp|1999|p=90}} DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-457 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-457 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyThe submarine was laid down on 26 October 1941 in the Deutsche Werke, Kiel as yard number 288, launched on 4 October 1941 and commissioned on 5 November under the command of Korvettenkapitän Karl Brandenburg. She served with the 6th U-boat Flotilla from 5 November 1941 for training and the 11th flotilla from 1 July 1942 for operations. 1st patrolU-457{{'}}s first patrol was preceded by two short journeys from Kiel to Trondheim in Norway. The patrol itself commenced with her departure from Trondheim on 28 June 1942. She sank the Christopher Newport {{convert|35|nmi}} east of Bear Island on 4 July. The ship, from the ill-fated convoy PQ 17, had already been hit by an aerial torpedo in the Barents Sea. A 'coup de grace' torpedo from the British submarine P-614 failed to sink the ship; but one from U-457 succeeded. The boat then went on to sink the Aldersdale on 7 July 1942; after the merchantman, also a member of PQ 17, had been bombed. U-457 came across the abandoned tanker and after firing 75 rounds from her deck gun, finished the wreck off with a single torpedo. 2nd patrolHer second foray was relatively uneventful - starting in Narvik on 8 August 1942 and finishing in Trondheim on 7 September. 3rd patrol and lossThe submarine damaged the Atheltemplar of the Convoy PQ 18 on 14 September 1942 south of Spitsbergen (Svalbard). U-457 was sunk on the 16th by depth charges from the British destroyer {{HMS|Impulsive|D11|6}}.{{sfn|Blair|2000|p=20}} Forty-five men died in U-457; there were no survivors. WolfpacksU-457 took part in two wolfpacks, namely.
Summary of raiding history
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u457.htm |title=The Type VIIC boat U-457 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=24 September 2012}} 2. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u454.html |title=Ships hit by U-454 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=27 December 2014}} Citations{{reflist}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Blair |first=Clay |year=2000 |origyear=1998 |title=Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942–1945 |volume=2 |isbn=0-304-35261-6 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u457.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-457 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=27 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{September 1942 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}{{coord missing|Atlantic Ocean}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0457}} 11 : German Type VIIC submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1941|U-boats sunk in 1942|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by British warships|1941 ships|Ships built in Kiel|Ships lost with all hands|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the Arctic Ocean|Maritime incidents in September 1942 |
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