| 词条 | German submarine U-483 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-483 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She carried out two patrols. She caused one warship to be declared a total loss. She surrendered in May 1945; she was sunk as part of Operation Deadlight in December 1945. DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-483 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-483 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42 and two twin {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyThe submarine was laid down on 20 March 1943 at Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 318, launched on 30 October and commissioned on 22 December under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hans-Joachim von Morstein. She served with the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 22 December 1943 for training and the 3rd flotilla from 1 August 1944 for operations. She was reassigned to the 11th flotilla on 5 September. 1st patrolU-432{{'}}s first patrol was preceded by short journeys from Kiel in Germany to Horten Naval Base (south of Oslo) and then Stavanger, both in Norway. The patrol itself began when the boat departed Stavanger on 3 October 1944. A Schnorchel [an underwater engine-functioning and breathing device], failure northwest of Scotland on the 12th resulted in the death of one man. On 1 November 1944 she torpedoed the British frigate {{HMS|Whitaker|K580|6}} off Malin Head, Ireland. The bows were blown off the US-built ship. The commander, all the other officers and 84 ratings died, but the ship did not sink. The fires were put out and the flooding was stopped. She was eventually towed to Londonderry Port, then Belfast, but she was declared a total loss. 2nd patrolBy now based at Bergen, the boat left there for her second foray on 3 October 1944. According to one source, she managed to enter the Irish Sea.[1] She docked at Trondheim on 26 March. FateU-483 surrendered in Trondheim on 9 May 1945. She was transferred to Scapa Flow then Loch Ryan in Scotland on 29 May for Operation Deadlight. She was sunk on 16 December by causes unknown. Summary of raiding history
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u483.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-483 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 September 2012}} 2. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement. 3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u483.html |title=Ships hit by U-483 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=28 January 2014}} Citations{{reflist}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u483.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-483 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=28 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{December 1945 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0483}} 8 : German Type VIIC submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1943|U-boats sunk in 1945|1943 ships|Ships built in Kiel|Operation Deadlight|World War II submarines of Germany|Maritime incidents in December 1945 |
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