“German submarine U-664”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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German submarine U-664

释义

Design
Service history
First Patrol Convoy ONS 167 Wolfpacks Fate
Summary of raiding history
References
Bibliography
External links

{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career

Hide header=

Ship country=Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany|naval}}

Ship name=U-664

Ship ordered=15 August 1940

Ship builder=Howaldtswerke, Hamburg

Ship yard number=813

Ship laid down=11 July 1941

Ship launched=28 April 1942

Ship commissioned=17 June 1942

40|12|N|37|29|W|display=title, inline}}, by depth charges from USN Grumman Avenger aircraft.
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship class=Type VIIC submarine

Ship displacement=

{{convert|769|t|LT|0}} surfaced
{{convert|871|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged

Ship length=

{{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

Ship beam=

{{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

Ship power=

{{convert|2800|–|3200|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
{{convert|750|PS|kW shp|abbr=on}} (electric)

Ship propulsion=

2 shafts
2 × diesel engines
2 × electric motors

Ship speed=

{{convert|17.7|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
{{convert|7.6|kn}} submerged

Ship range=

{{convert|8,500|nmi|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
{{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged

Ship test depth=

{{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Crush depth: {{convert|250|–|295|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Ship complement=4 officers, 40-56 ratings

Ship armament=

5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern)
14 × torpedoes
1 × {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun (220 rounds)
1 x {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 AA gun

Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox service record

is_ship=yes

label=Service record^[1]

partof=

8th U-boat Flotilla
17 June – 31 October 1942 - Training
9th U-boat Flotilla
1 November 1942 – 9 August 1943

codes=M 05 024

commanders=

Oblt.z.S. Adolf Graef
17 June 1942 – 9 August 1943

operations=

1st patrol: 20 October – 10 November 1942
2nd patrol: 5 December 1942 – 13 January 1943
3rd patrol: 14 February – 28 March 1943
4th patrol: 29 April – 9 June 1943
5th patrol: 21 July 1942 – 9 August 1943

19325}})
}}

German submarine U-664 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.

She was laid down on 11 July 1941 by Howaldtswerke, Hamburg as yard number 813, launched on 28 April 1942 and commissioned on 17 June 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Adolf Graef.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-664 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-664 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

Service history

The boat's career began with training at 8th U-boat Flotilla on 17 June 1942, followed by active service on 1 November 1942 as part of the 9th Flotilla for the remainder of her service.

In five patrols she sank three merchant ships, for a total of {{GRT|19325|disp=long}}.

First Patrol

On her first day of active service she was attacked by a US Catalina. The depth charge attack was so effective that she had to return to base in France.

Convoy ONS 167

Outward bound from Biscay on her second patrol, U-664 made a chance sighting of the slow convoy and radioed its position to base. Karl Dönitz ordered Graef to shadow the convoy while other boats were rounded up to form Wolfpack Sturmbock. However the boats were well scattered and failed to make contact with the convoy, so on the night of 21 February 1943, Graef became impatient with waiting and decided to attack alone.

With one spread of torpedoes, Graef sank the {{GRT|4659|link=off}} American steamer Rosario and the {{GRT|8807|link=off}} Panamanian tanker H H Rogers.

Wolfpacks

U-664 took part in eight wolfpacks, namely

Raufbold (11–22 December 1942)
Spitz (22–31 December 1942)
Sturmbock (21–26 February 1943)
Wildfang (26 February – 5 March 1943)
Raubgraf (7–20 March 1943)
Without name (5–10 May 1943)
Lech (10–15 May 1943)
Donau 2 (15–26 May 1943)

Fate

On 8 August 1943 U-664 fired three torpedoes at the escort carrier {{USS|Card|CVE-11|6}} in a surprise attack, before USS Card was able to respond and forced her to dive. The following day, on 9 August 1943, USS Card got her revenge. U-664 was sunk in the North Atlantic in position {{coord|40|12|N|37|29|W}}, by depth charges from USN Grumman Avenger aircraft launched from the carrier. Seven crew members were killed or drowned; 44 others were rescued by USS Borie after seven hours in the water.

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate^[2]
16 December 1942	Emile Francqui	{{flag\|Belgium}}	8,859	Sunk
21 February 1943	H H Rogers	{{flag\|Panama}}	8,807	Sunk
21 February 1943	Rosario	{{flag\|United States\|1912}}	4,659	Sunk

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u664.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-664 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=12 July 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u664.html |title=Ships hit by U-664 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=12 July 2014}}

Bibliography

{{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
{{cite book

|last1=Busch
|first1=Rainer
|last2=Röll
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|ref=harv
}}

{{cite book

|last=Edwards
|first=Bernard
|title=Dönitz and the Wolf Packs - The U-boats at War
|year=1996
|isbn=0-304-35203-9
|pages=156
|ref={{sfnRef|Edwards}}
}}

{{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}

{{cite book

|last=Sharpe
|first=Peter
|title=U-Boat Fact File
|publisher=Midland Publishing
|location=Great Britain
|year=1998
|isbn=1-85780-072-9}}{{Refend}}

External links

{{Cite web

|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u664.html
|title=The Type VIIC boat U-664
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=29 December 2014
}}

{{cite web

|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0664.html
|title=U 664
|last=Hofmann
|first=Markus
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
|language=German
|accessdate=29 December 2014
}}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{August 1943 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0664}}

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