| 词条 | German submarine U-93 (1940) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-93 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 9 September 1939 at the F. Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 598, launched on 8 June 1940 and commissioned on 30 July 1940 under Kapitänleutnant Claus Korth. She sank eight ships of {{GRT|43,392|disp=long}} in seven patrols but was herself sunk by a British destroyer in January 1942. DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-93 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-93 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyThe boat's first patrol was preceded by a trip from Kiel to Kristiansand in Norway. 1st patrolShe left the Norwegian port on 9 September 1940, heading for St. Nazaire in France which she reached, via the North Sea and the gap between the Faroe and Shetland Islands, on 25 October. On the way, she sank the Hurunui on the 15th, {{convert|120|nmi}} west of the Butt of Lewis, (the most northerly point of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides). Two crew members died, but there were 73 survivors. She was also attacked three times in one day (17 October), twice by ships and once by an aircraft; no damage was caused. She sank the Dokka south of Iceland on the 17th: The survivors were then questioned by the Germans (a fairly common practice). They said that the sunken ship was the Cukna, but Korth saw through this ruse de guerre. U-93 was forced to dive by the presence and gunfire of {{HMS|Folkestone|L22|6}}. After that, the boat headed for mid-ocean before docking at her French Atlantic base. 2nd, 3rd and 4th patrolsU-93{{'}}s second voyage was uneventful, but during her third sortie she sank the Dione II with gunfire, northwest of Northern Ireland. She was also attacked by an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley of No. 502 Squadron RAF. The damage was such that the boat required repairs lasting three months. The submarine's fourth patrol, which commenced on 12 July 1941, was disrupted when three men were wounded in an accident involving a machine gun. Nevertheless, she sank the Elusa on 21 May south southeast of Cape Farewell (Greenland). 5th and 6th patrolsHer fifth patrol took her as far south as a point west of Western Sahara. She was unsuccessfully bombed on the return journey west of Cape St. Vincent in Portugal The boat's sixth patrol was to an area east of Newfoundland and Labrador on the Canadian side of the Atlantic. FateHer seventh and final sortie began with her departure from St. Nazaire on 23 December 1941. She was sunk by depth charges dropped by {{HMS|Hesperus}} between Portugal and the Azores on 15 January 1942. WolfpacksU-93 took part in five wolfpacks, namely,
Summary of raiding history
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite book |last=Kemp |first=Paul |year=1997 |title=U-Boats Destroyed, German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location= |publisher=Arms and Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |page=78}} 2. ^Tonnages are in gross register tons. 3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u93.html |title=Ships hit by U-93 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014}} Citations{{reflist}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
| last=Edwards | first=Bernard | title=Dönitz and the Wolf Packs - The U-boats at War | year=1996 | isbn=0-304-35203-9 | page=35 | publisher=Cassell Military Classics | ref={{sfnRef|Edwards}}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u93.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-93 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0093.html |title=U 93 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{January 1942 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2012}}{{coord|36|10|N|15|52|W|source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0093}} 10 : 1940 ships|German Type VIIC submarines|Ships built in Kiel|U-boats commissioned in 1940|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by British warships|U-boats sunk in 1942|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|World War II submarines of Germany|Maritime incidents in January 1942 |
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