“German submarine U-989”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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German submarine U-989

释义

Design
Service history
Wolfpacks Fate
Summary of raiding history
References
Bibliography
External links

{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career

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Ship country=Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany|naval}}

Ship name=U-989

Ship ordered=25 May 1941

Ship builder=Blohm & Voss, Hamburg

Ship yard number=189

Ship laid down=17 October 1942

Ship launched=16 June 1943

Ship commissioned=22 July 1943

61|36|N|01|35|W|display=inline, title}}, by depth charges from {{HMS|Bayntun|K310|6}}, {{HMS|Bratwaite|K468|6}}, {{HMS|Loch Eck|K422|6}} and {{HMS|Loch Dunvegan|K425|6}}.
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship class=Type VIIC submarine

Ship displacement=

{{convert|769|t|LT|0}} surfaced
{{convert|871|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged

Ship length=

{{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

Ship beam=

{{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

Ship power=

{{convert|2800|–|3200|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
{{convert|750|PS|kW shp|abbr=on}} (electric)

Ship propulsion=

2 shafts
2 × diesel engines
2 × electric motors

Ship speed=

{{convert|17.7|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
{{convert|7.6|kn}} submerged

Ship range=

{{convert|8,500|nmi|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
{{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged

Ship test depth=

{{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Crush depth: {{convert|250|–|295|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Ship complement=4 officers, 40–56 enlisted

Ship armament=

5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern)
14 × torpedoes or 26 TMA mines
1 × {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun (220 rounds)
1 × twin {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun

}}{{Infobox service record|is_multi=yes

is_ship=yes

label=Service record^[1]

partof=

5th U-boat Flotilla
22 July 1943 – 31 January 1944 - Training
9th U-boat Flotilla
1 February – 30 September 1944
33rd U-boat Flotilla
1 October 1944 – 14 February 1945

commanders=

Kptlt. Hardo Rodler von Roithberg
22 July 1943 – 14 February 1945

operations=

1st patrol: 11 January – 4 March 1944
2nd patrol: 6–8 June 1944
3rd patrol: 8–10 July 1944
4th patrol: 9 August – 26 September 1944
5th patrol: 7–14 February 1945

victories=

1 merchant ship sunk ({{GRT|1,791}})
1 merchant ship damaged (7,176 GRT)

}}

German submarine U-989 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.

She was laid down on 17 October 1942 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 189, launched on 16 June 1943 and commissioned on 22 July 1943 under Oberleutnant zur See Hardo Rodler von Roithberg.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-989 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-989 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 22 July 1943, followed by active service on 1 February 1944 as part of the 9th Flotilla. On 1 October 1944 she transferred to 33rd Flotilla for the remainder of her service.

In five patrols she sank one merchant ship, for a total of {{GRT|1,791|disp=long}} and damaged one other.

Wolfpacks

U-989 took part in three wolfpacks, namely

Stürmer (26 January – 3 February 1944)
Igel 1 (3–17 February 1944)
Hai 1 (17–22 February 1944)

Fate

U-989 was sunk on 14 February 1945 in the North Atlantic in position {{coord|61|36|N|01|35|W}}, by depth charges from {{HMS|Bayntun|K310|6}}, {{HMS|Bratwaite|K468|6}}, {{HMS|Loch Eck|K422|6}} and {{HMS|Loch Dunvegan|K425|6}}. All hands were lost.

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate^[2]
23 August 1944	Louis Kossuth	{{flag\|United States\|1912}}	7,176	Damaged
26 August 1944	Ashmun J Clough	{{flag\|United Kingdom\|civil}}	1,791	Sunk

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u989.htm |title=The Type VIIC boat U-989 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=4 September 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u989.html |title=Ships hit by U-989 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=4 September 2014}}

Bibliography

{{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
{{cite book

|last1=Busch
|first1=Rainer
|last2=Röll
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|ref=harv
}}

{{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}

{{cite book

|last=Sharpe
|first=Peter
|title=U-Boat Fact File
|publisher=Midland Publishing
|location=Great Britain
|year=1998
|isbn=1-85780-072-9}}{{Refend}}

External links

{{Cite web

|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u989.html
|title=The Type VIIC boat U-989
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=29 December 2014
}}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{February 1945 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0989}}

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