“German submarine U-990”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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German submarine U-990

释义

Design
Service history
Wolfpacks Fate
Summary of raiding history
References
Notes Citations
Bibliography
External links

{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career

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Ship country=Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany|naval}}

Ship name=U-990

Ship ordered=25 May 1941

Ship builder=Blohm & Voss, Hamburg

Ship yard number=190

Ship laid down=17 October 1942

Ship launched=16 June 1943

Ship commissioned=28 July 1943

Ship fate=Sunk on 25 May 1944 in the Norwegian Sea by depth charges from a RAF Liberator bomber
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

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Header caption=

Ship class=Type VIIC submarine

Ship displacement=

{{convert|769|t|LT|0}} surfaced
{{convert|871|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged

Ship length=

{{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

Ship beam=

{{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

Ship power=

{{convert|2800|–|3200|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
{{convert|750|PS|kW shp|abbr=on}} (electric)

Ship propulsion=

2 shafts
2 × diesel engines
2 × electric motors

Ship speed=

{{convert|17.7|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
{{convert|7.6|kn}} submerged

Ship range=

{{convert|8,500|nmi|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
{{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged

Ship test depth=

{{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Crush depth: {{convert|250|–|295|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Ship complement=4 officers, 40–56 enlisted

Ship armament=

5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (4 bow, 1 stern)
14 × torpedoes or 26 TMA mines
1 × {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun (220 rounds)
1 × twin {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun

}}{{Infobox service record

is_ship=yes

label=

partof=*5th U-boat Flotilla (Training)

28 July – 31 December 1943
11th U-boat Flotilla
1 January – 25 May 1944

commanders=

Kptlt. Hubert Nordheimer^[1]
28 July 1943 – 25 May 1944

operations=4 patrols

victories=1 warship sunk (1,920 tons)
}}

German submarine U-990 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.

She was laid down on 17 October 1942 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 190, launched on 16 June 1943 and commissioned on 28 July 1943 under Kapitänleutnant Hubert Nordheimer.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-990 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, and two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-990 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th Flotilla on 28 July 1943, followed by active service on 1 January 1944 as part of the 11th Flotilla.

Wolfpacks

U-990 took part in four wolfpacks, namely

Werwolf (28 January – 27 February 1944)
Orkan (5 – 10 March 1944)
Hammer (10 – 26 March 1944)
Blitz (2 – 4 April 1944)

Fate

U-990 was sunk on 25 May 1944 in the Norwegian Sea at {{coord|65|05|N|07|28|E|display=title, inline}} after being depth charged by a RAF Liberator bomber of 59 Squadron.

Sqn Ldr B. Sisson sighted U-990 on the surface at 06:23 and attacked under cover of a rain squall, dropping six depth charges. Following the attack, the submarine could be seen sinking amid a large oil slick.^[2]

There were 20 crew killed, and 33 survivors.

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name	Nationality	Tonnage^[3]	Fate^[4]
25 February 1944	{{HMS\|Mahratta\|G23\|6}}	{{navy\|United Kingdom}}	1,920	Sunk

References

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/men/commanders/890.html |title=Hubert Nordheimer |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=7 April 2015}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Kemp|first=Paul|title=U-Boats Destroyed – German Submarine Losses in the World Wars|publisher=Arms and Armour Press|year=1997|isbn=1-85409-321-5}}
3. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement.
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u990.html |title=Ships hit by U-990 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=7 April 2015}}

Citations

Bibliography

{{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
{{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}

{{cite book

|last=Sharpe
|first=Peter
|title=U-Boat Fact File
|publisher=Midland Publishing
|location=Great Britain
|year=1998
|isbn=1-85780-072-9}}{{Refend}}

External links

{{cite web

|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u990.htm
|title=The Type VIIC U-boat U-990
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=7 April 2015
}}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{May 1944 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0990}}

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