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词条 Retirement age
释义

  1. Retirement age by country

  2. Reform

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}

This article lists the statutory retirement age in different countries. In some contexts, the retirement age is the age at which a person is expected or required to cease work and is usually the age at which they may be entitled to receive superannuation or other government benefits, like a state pension. Policy makers usually consider the demography, fiscal cost of ageing, health, life expectancy, nature of profession, supply of labour force etc. while deciding the retirement age.[1] The increase in life expectancy is used in some jurisdictions as an argument to increase the age of retirement in the 21st century.[2][3]

Retirement age by country

{{update|date=September 2015}}{{external media
|image1=[https://i.imgur.com/M9GUCXX.jpg Life expectancy vs. Retirement age for men in European countries on a map]}}

Many of the countries listed in the table below are in the process of reforming the ages (see the notes in the table for details). The ages in the table show when an individual retires if they retire/have retired in the year given in the table; the trend in some countries is that in the future the age will increase gradually (where available, explanations are given in the section on notes), therefore one's year of birth determines when one has the age of retirement (e.g. in Romania women born in January 1955 had the retirement age in January 2015 at age 60; those born in January 1958 had the retirement age in January 2019 at age 61; those born in January 1961 will retire in January 2023 at age 62; those born in January 1967 will retire in January 2030 at age 63).[4]

Retirement age
CountryMenWomenYearNotes{{Abbr|Ref|References
Albania65602012[5]
Argentina6560[6]
Armenia632011[5]
Australia652016In Australia the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 67 years by July 2023.[7]
Austria65602015In Austria the retirement age for women is to be equalized to the retirement age for men (65) by 2033.[8][5][9]
Azerbaijan62602017In Azerbaijan the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2021 (for men) and by 2027 (for women)[10][10]
Belarus61y6months56y6months2019By 2022, the age will be 63 for men and 58 for women.[11][12]
Bangladesh592013date=October 2018}}
Belgium652017In Belgium it is possible to retire at 60 (zware beroepen- heavy jobs), at 62 (early retirement due to sufficient years worked) up to 65 as legal retirement age. The retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 67 years by 2030.date=October 2018}}
Bosnia and Herzegovina652011[5]
Brazil65602015This is the minimum retirement age required for all urban workers who have contributed for at least 180 months (15 years) - see below. If they have contributed for at least 35 years (for men) or 30 years (for women)[13] - or less, for teachers,[14] for workers exposed to harmful health agents,[15] for disablement,[16] and for disabled people (if proved)[17] - it's possible to retire before the minimum age. Regarding to non-urban workers (farmers, fishermen, and native Indians, among others) and to disabled people[18] (if proved), these people are considered "special insured"; thus, the minimum age is reduced in 5 years (60 years for men, 55 years for women); this rule is only valid if these people prove they are still working under these circumstances at the moment of retirement. It's necessary to have at least 180 months (15 years) of contribution in order to retire (in all cases cited above).[19]
British Virgin Islands652017[20]
Bulgaria64y1months61y2months2018In Bulgaria the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 65 years by 2029 for men and by 2037 for women.[21]
Canada65Pensions in Canada}}The standard age to begin receiving a CPP retirement pension is when one attains age 65 (the month following the 65th birthday). However, one may receive a reduced CPP retirement pension as early as the month following the 60th birthday. Alternatively, one may receive an increased pension after reaching age 65. Canada also has a pension supplement with different rules called Old Age Security (OAS).[22][23]
Chile6560[24]
China6050–552011The retirement age in China currently is 60 for men and 55 for female civil servants and 50 for female workers.[25][26]
Colombia62572014[27]
Croatia6561y3months2015By 2038 there will be an equal age for women and men set at 67. (Women's age will reach 65 in 2030 and 67 in 2038).[8][8]
Cuba65602015The retirement age threshold was increased by 5 years in 2015[28]
Cyprus652011[5][9]
Czech Republic62y10months58-622015In the Czech Republic, in the year 2015, men had the retirement age of 62years10months and women had it between 58 and 62, depending on number of children.[29][30] In Czech Republic, the retirement age is in the process of being increased, and therefore depends on year of birth (for individuals born after 1977 it may exceed even 67, e.g. a person born in year 1995 must be at least 70 years old.[31]) For women the retirement age depends on the number of raised children as well.[32] For people born in 1975, the retirement age will be the same (66y8m) regardless of sex and number of children raised; and this age will reach 67 for people born in 1977.[30]
Denmark652015[33][34]{{see also>Pensions in Denmark}}[9][12]
Egypt602015
Estonia632016In Estonia the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2026.[35] After 2026, it will be linked to the average life expectancy[9][12]
Finland63–682008[9]
France62-672018Pensions in France}}[5][9]
Georgia65602011[5]
Germany65y7months2018Pensions in Germany}}[9][12]
Greece672015[8]
Hungary632018The age will be 65 by 2022.[8] Women with 40 years of insurance can retire at any age.[36][8]
Iceland672007[12]
India60-652014For special cases of Health and education, the retirement age is increased to 65 years.[37]
Indonesia582014[38]
Iran60552018
Ireland662015In Ireland the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028.[8][5][9][12]
Israel67622011[39]
Italy672019Must have paid contributions for at least 20 years.
Those who have paid contributions for at least 38 years can retire at 62.
Those who have paid contributions for at least 41 years and 10 months (women) or 42 years and 10 months (men) can retire regardless of age.		[40]
Japan622018Pensions in Japan}}[8]
Kazakhstan63582015From 2017 the retirement age for women is to be increased gradually and reach 63 years in 2027[41]
South Korea602016Employers with more than 300 employees are required to extend the retiring age to 60. From 1 January 2017, it will be mandatory for all employers nationwide.[42]
Kyrgyzstan63582011[5]
Latvia63y3months2018The age will be 65 by 2025.[8][8]
Libya702017[43]
Liechtenstein642007[12]
Lithuania63y2months61y4months2015In Lithuania, the retirement age will be raised to 65 for both men and women by 2026.[8][8][44][45]
Luxembourg652011[5]
Macedonia64622011[5]
Malaysia602013In Malaysia, The Congress of Unions of Employees in the Public and Civil Services (Cuepacs) wants the government to consider extending the retirement age for civil servants from 60 to 62,[46] but the government has no immediate plan to extend it as the current retirement age is deemed as sufficient.[47][48]
Malta622015In Malta the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2027.[8][8]
Mexico652015Retirement age is expected to be increased in the coming years.
Moldova6358.52019Retirement age for women is increasing every 6 months until it reaches 63 years in 2028[49]
Montenegro65602013[5]
Morocco652014Abdelilah Benkirane increased the retirement age to 65 since 2015. Expectations say that it will increase to 66 by 2017.
Namibia602015The early retirement age for public employees is 55 years, but will be reduced to 50 years (in 2016).[50][51]
Nepal582007
Netherlands682018Although official retirement age is 68, AOW state pension will be received starting at the age of 66. AOW eligibility is tied to life expectancy and will gradually increase to 67 in 2021.[52][53]
New Zealand652013[54]
North Korea60551999[55]
Norway672018Pensions in Norway}}The general retirement age is currently set to age 67, however, given sufficient pension contributions it is possible to retire as early as at age 62. The longer an individual postpones withdrawing a pension, the greater the government pension provision becomes.[56]
Oman652013The age is 60 if in hazardous or unhealthy occupations.
Pakistan622012[57]
Philippines601990The retirement age for an employee depends on the employment contract. Upon retirement, the retired employee should be given his/her benefits according to the agreement or contract between the employer and the employee. However, if there is no existing retirement plan or agreement for the employee, he/she may retire at the age of 60, given that he/she has served the employer for 5 years, and shall be given a retirement pay of at least half a month’s salary for every year of service (6 months of work given is considered as 1 whole year for the retirement pay).[58]
Peru602018[59]
Poland65602016
Portugal66 y 4 m2018[60]
Romania65612019The age for women is being increased gradually. It will reach 63 by 2030.[61][4]
Russia60y6months55y6months2019From 2019 the retirement age for men (women) would gradually increase from 60 (55) to 65 (60) years by 2028; first it was intended to hike the age for women to 63 but later the plan was softened.[62][63]
Saudi Arabia602014In Saudi Arabia, the retirement age is based on the Hijiri (lunar) calendar.[64]
Serbia65602011[5]
Singapore62–652012In Singapore, the Retirement Age Act (RAA) has been replaced by the Retirement and Re-employment Act (RRA) in 2012. Under the RRA, the statutory minimum retirement age is still 62, but employers are now required to offer re-employment to eligible employees who turn 62, up to the age of 65.[65]
Slovakia622017date=September 2015}} The retirement age will be equalized for men and women at 62 in 2017.[8][9]
Slovenia64y4months2015[8]
Spain65y3months2015[8] {{see also>Pensions in Spain}}[5][9]
Sri Lanka552014[66]
Sweden65[67]
Switzerland65642018
Taiwan662015In Taiwan the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028.[8][5][9][12]
Tajikistan63582011[5]
Thailand60 (except president of a university can more than 60 years)2015
Trinidad and Tobago60–652015[68]
Turkmenistan62572011[5]
Turkey60582014[69] {{clarify>date=September 2015}}
Ukraine60572015In Ukraine the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 60 years for women and 62 years for men-civil servants by 2021.[70][5][71]
United Arab Emirates652010In the United Arab Emirates the mandatory retirement age was raised from 60 to 65 in 2010, enabling the UAE to retain its needed expat skilled work force longer for key construction projects.[72]
United Kingdom652017[73] and 68 by 2037.[74]{{see also>Pensions in the United Kingdom}}
United States62-672018Pensions in the United States}} Retirees are eligible to receive reduced Social Security payments at the age of 62. People 65 and over are eligible to receive some free Medicare benefits if they paid Medicare taxes for at least 10 years. The full retirement age is to be increased gradually by 2023 and will be 67 for everyone born in 1960 or later.[75] Retirement Age in the US [8][8]
Uzbekistan60552011[5]
Venezuela60552015[76]
Vietnam60552011

The average of statutory retirement age in the 34 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2014 was males 65 years and females 63.5 years, but the tendency all over the world is to increase the retirement age.[77] This is also reflected by the findings that just over half the Asian investors surveyed region-wide said they agreed with raising the retirement age, with a quarter disagreeing and the remainder undecided.[78]

Reform

Reforms tend to be phased-in slowly when the retirement age (or pension age) is increased, with grandfathering ensuring a gradual change. In contrast, when the age of retirement is decreased, changes are often brought about rapidly.[79]

One such example of grandfathering are the transitional pension rules which were applied for staff aged 54 years or older, and to some extent for all staff in place, when in 2014 the retirement age of European civil servants was increased to 66 years of age.[80]

Men either retire later than women or at the same time. This is being addressed in some countries where the retirement ages are being equalised.

See also

  • Pension
  • Retirement
  • Retirement in Europe
  • Mandatory retirement
  • History of retirement

References

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79. ^{{cite book|author=Catherine Blair|title=Securing Pension Provision: The Challenge of Reforming the Age of Entitlement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvc7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107|date=8 August 2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-45397-6|page=107|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506014926/https://books.google.com/books?id=hvc7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107|archivedate=6 May 2016|df=}}
80. ^{{cite web|author=Irene Souka|url=http://www.u4unity.eu/document2/SR_HR20130712.pdf#page=12|title=Review of the Staff Regulations|date=July 2013|format=PDF|page=12|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219020815/http://www.u4unity.eu/document2/SR_HR20130712.pdf#page=12|archivedate=19 December 2014|df=}}

External links

  • [https://archive.is/20130117145720/http://www.barcelonareporter.com/index.php?/news/comments/only_three_other_countries_in_the_eu_plan_to_increase_retirement_age_above_ Only three other countries in the EU plan to increase retirement age above 65]
{{Europe topic|Pensions in}}{{Law country lists}}

2 : Retirement|Age and society
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