| 词条 | Ghassan al-Rifai |
| 释义 |
| name = Ghassan El-Rifai غسان الرفاعي | birthname = Ghassan Sami El-Jandali El-Rıfai | image = | order = | office = Minister of Economy and Trade | primeminister = Muhammad Mustafa Mero Mohammad Naji Al Otari | president = Bashar al-Assad | term_start = December 2001 | term_end = October 2004 | predecessor = Mohammed Al Imadi | successor = Amer Hosni Lotfi | office1 = | term_start1 = | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1942}} | birth_place = Homs | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = | children = | party = Independent | otherparty = | alma_mater = Cairo University American University of Cairo | religion = | footnotes = }} Ghassan El-Rıfai ({{lang-ar|غسان الرفاعي}}) (born 1942) is a leading Syrian economist who worked at the World Bank for a long time and served as Syria's Minister of Economy and Trade from December 2001 to October 2004. Early life and educationGhassan El-Rıfai was born in Homs in 1942.[1] He received a bachelor's degree in business administration from Cairo University.[2] He obtained a master's degree from American University of Cairo.[2] He also holds a PhD in business management and finance, which he received from Sussex College of Technology.[3] CareerGhassan El-Rifai joined the World Bank in 1972 through the Young Professionals Program. In 1973, he moved to the Country Programs Department of the Europe, Middle East and North Africa Region. He remained in that region until December 1998. During this period, he held several senior managerial positions overseeing strategy formulation, operations, technical assistance, and investment promotion. He was also seconded in 1977 to the Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic Development for a period of four months as Senior Adviser to assist in its reorganization and to provide policy advice to the UAE Government. In December 1988, Ghassan El-Rifai was promoted to Vice President, Policy and Advisory Services of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), an affiliate of the World Bank, where he was instrumental in the formation and further development of this agency. In June 1993, he was appointed Director, Resource Mobilization and Private Sector Development for the Europe and Central Asia Region in the World Bank, overseeing and promoting a large number of investment projects in several countries in Europe and Central Asia. In July 1997, he was appointed Principal Adviser, Sector Policies and Products for the Middle East and North Africa Region and most recently, Principal Adviser for Regional Strategy and Sectoral Policies. Then he was appointed Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade in December 2001 in a cabinet reshuffle, replacing Mohammed Al Imadi.[4][5] The cabinet was headed by then prime minister Mohammed Mustafa Mero.[6][7] In September 2003, Mero was replaced by Mohammed Naji Al Otari, but El-Rıfai continued to serve in his post.[6] Furthermore, his portfolio was expanded to include domestic trade and supply.[6] El-Rıfai's term lasted until October 2004.[8] References1. ^{{cite journal|last=Zisser|first=Eyal|title=Bashar al-Asad and his Regime- Between Continuity and Change|journal=Orient|date=June 2004|volume=45|issue=2|pages=239–256|url=http://www.ou.edu/mideast/Additional%20pages%20-%20non-catagory/Zisser_al-Asad_and_his_Regime_2004.htm|accessdate=9 February 2013}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rifai, Ghassan}}2. ^1 {{cite web |title=Biography for Ghassan Sami bin Hassan Jandal Al Rifai |url=http://news.silobreaker.com/biography-for-ghassan-sami-bin-hassan-jandal-al-rifai-5_2256915668030980096_4 |publisher=Silobreaker |accessdate=24 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826064929/http://news.silobreaker.com/biography-for-ghassan-sami-bin-hassan-jandal-al-rifai-5_2256915668030980096_4 |archivedate=26 August 2013 |df=dmy }} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Bar |first=Shmuel |title=Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview |journal=IPS |year=2006 |url=http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf |accessdate=12 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723214138/http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf |archivedate=23 July 2011 |df=dmy }} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Moubayed|first=Sami|title=Ushering in the new|journal=Al Ahram Weekly|date=20–26 December 2001|volume=565|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/565/re6.htm|accessdate=24 February 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324155957/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/565/re6.htm|archivedate=24 March 2013|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^{{cite journal|title=Assad Launches Major Cabinet Reshuffle|journal=Middle East Intelligence Bulletin|date=November 2001|volume=3|issue=11|url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0112_sb.htm|accessdate=24 February 2013}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Syria's PM appoints new cabinet|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3120184.stm|accessdate=24 February 2013|newspaper=BBC|date=18 September 2003}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Hinnebusch|first=Raymond|title=The Ba'th Party in Post-Ba'thist Syria: President, Party and the Struggle for 'Reform'|journal=Middle East Critique|year=2011|volume=20|issue=2|pages=109–125|doi=10.1080/19436149.2011.572408}} 8. ^{{cite news|last=Blanford|first=Nicholas|title=Questions remain after Syrian Cabinet reshuffle|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/Oct/06/Questions-remain-after-Syrian-Cabinet-reshuffle.ashx#axzz2Lo8A5iHN|accessdate=24 February 2013|newspaper=The Daily Star|date=6 October 2004|location=Beirut}} 7 : 1942 births|Living people|Cairo University alumni|People from Homs|Syrian economists|Syrian ministers of economy|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region politicians |
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