| 词条 | Gholam A. Peyman |
| 释义 |
| image = Http://www1.pictures.zimbio.com/gi/Barack+Obama+Gholam+Peyman+Obama+Honors+Winners+9hwQT5wiMzjl.jpg | image_size = 230px| | name = Gholam A. Peyman | birth_date = | birth_place = Shiraz, Iran | residence = Phoenix, United States | nationality = Iranian-American | field = Ophthalmology, Engineering | languages spoken = English, Spanish, Persian, German, French | work_institution = Professor of Basic Medical Sciences at the University of Arizona, Phoenix & Optical Sciences at University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology, Tulane University | alma_mater = University of Freiburg, Germany, University of Essen, Germany | known_for = Inventor of LASIK,[1]| }} Gholam A. Peyman is an ophthalmologist, retina surgeon, and inventor. He is best known for his invention of LASIK eye surgery,[2] a vision correction procedure designed to allow people to see clearly without glasses. He was awarded the first US patent for the procedure in 1989 (link to image of patent, below). Life and careerPeyman was born in Shiraz, Iran. At the age of 19, he moved to Germany to begin his medical studies. He received his MD at the University of Freiburg in 1962. He completed his internship at St. Johannes Hospital in Duisburg, Germany in 1964 and at Passaic General Hospital in Passaic, New Jersey in 1965. Peyman completed his residency in ophthalmology and a retina fellowship at the University of Essen, Essen Germany, in 1969 and an additional postdoctoral fellowship in retina at the Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine in Los Angeles in 1971. Peyman held the position of assistant professor of ophthalmology at the UCLA School of Medicine from 1971 and served as associate professor and then professor of ophthalmology at the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago during 1971-1987. Peyman held a joint appointment at the School of Medicine and also at the Neuroscience Center of Excellence at the Louisiana State University Medical University Medical Center in New Orleans during 1987-2000. During 1998-2000 Peyman held the Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmed Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud Chair in Retinal Diseases. During 2000-2006, Peyman served as professor of ophthalmology and co-director, Vitreo-Retinal Service, Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans. During 2006-2007 he was professor of ophthalmology at the University of Arizona, Tucson, with a cross appointment at University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences. He has been emeritus professor of ophthalmology at Tulane University since 2009. Peyman is currently professor of basic medical sciences at the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix & Optical engineering at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Peyman was awarded in 2013 an honoree doctorate degree from the National University of Cordoba in Argentina.[3] The Invention of LASIK surgery and its improvementsAt the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Peyman, because of his interest in the effects of lasers on tissues in the eye, began evaluating the potential use of a {{CO2}} laser to modify corneal refraction in rabbits. No prior study had existed on this concept. The laser was applied to the surface of the cornea using different patterns. This laser created significant scarring. His conclusions at that time were: 1) one has to wait for the development of an ablative laser and 2) one should not ablate the surface of the cornea but, instead, the ablation should take place under a flap in order to prevent scarring, pain and other undesirable sequelae. Peyman published the first article on this subject in 1980.[4] In late 1982, he read an article from IBM Laboratories, published in Laser Focus, describing the photo-ablative properties of an excimer laser on organic material. This was very exciting information, but, unfortunately, Peyman did not have access to this laser, which at the time was new and very expensive. By 1985 and beyond, many investigators were interested in ablating the corneal surface. However, because of his previous experience with the {{CO2}} laser, Peyman wanted to avoid surface ablation in order to prevent potential corneal scarring and the pain associated with the removal of the corneal epithelium, necessary to expose the surface of the cornea. Therefore, in July 1985, he applied for a patent that described a method of modifying corneal refractive errors using laser ablation under a corneal flap. This US patent was accepted after two revisions and issued in June, 1989. Peyman performed a number of experimental studies evaluating the effect of various excimer lasers in collaboration with Physics Department of the University of Helsinki, Finland. Since he had purchased an Erb-Yag laser in the U.S., he evaluated the concept using this laser in vivo in rabbit and primate eyes and described the creation of a hinged corneal flap to enable the ablation to be performed on the exposed corneal bed, thus reducing the potential for postoperative scarring and pain.[5] Always aware of the potential limitations of his invention, Peyman devoted considerable time and effort in subsequent years to ameliorating them. In order to improve the risk/benefit considerations of the LASIK procedure, he invented and patented a broad range of ablative and non-ablative inlays to be placed under the surgically created corneal flap. These inlays offered many potential advantages over the standard LASIK technique, the most significant of which is that the inlay procedure is reversible.[6] However, this procedure has had its own limitations. For example, the implant has been limited to a size of 2 mm diameter and there is also a possibility that a cornea rejects the implant. In 2015 Peyman invented a new refractive surgical procedure that eliminates most of the shortcoming of refractive surgery and implants rejection. His new procedure is now called “Mesik” (Meso, Inside, Implant, Keratomileusis), in which at first a corneal pocket is created with a femtosecond laser, and then the wall of the pocket is crosslinked using riboflavin solution and UV radiation creating a transparent cell-free crosslinked collagen barrier surrounding the implant. This creates an immune privileged cell free space that does not initiate an immune response to an implant. A synthetic organic or polymeric lens can be implanted in the corneal pocket to compensate for the patient's refractive error. The implant can be exchanged as the eye grows or refractive need dictates.[7] Laser in ophthalmologyPeyman has been granted 174 US Patents[8] covering a broad range of novel medical devices, intra-ocular drug delivery, surgical techniques, as well as new methods of diagnosis and treatment.
Remote controlled system for Laser Surgery:
Honors and awardsAmong other awards and honors, Peyman has received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation (2012),[18] the Waring Medal of the Journal of Refractive Surgery (2008),[19] and the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Lifetime Achievement Award (2008)[20] He was named a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors in 2013.[21] References
1. ^US Patent 4,840,175, "METHOD FOR MODIFYING CORNEAL CURVATURE", granted June 20, 1989 2. ^US Patent 4,840,175, "METHOD FOR MODIFYING CORNEAL CURVATURE", granted June 20, 1989 3. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA7hK0PXHA8&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGA7hK0PXHA8&app=desktop 4. ^Ophthalmic Surgery 11:325-329, 1980 5. ^Ophthalmology 96:1160-1170, 1989 6. ^Examples of these inlays can be found in US Patents: #6,203,538, granted March 2001, #6,217,571, granted April 2001, AND #6,280,470, all entitled, "INTRASTROMAL CORNEAL MODIFICATION"; #6,221,067, granted April 2001, entitled "CORNEAL MODIFICATION VIA IMPLANTATION"; and others 7. ^US patent 9,370,446 "Method of altering the refractive properties of an eye" and US Patent 9,427,355 "Corneal transplantation with a cross-linked cornea" 8. ^United States Patent and Trademark Office 9. ^Ophthalmic Surg 11:325-329, 1980 10. ^Ophthalmic Surg 15:496-501, 1984 11. ^Int Ophthalmol 8:199-209, 1985 12. ^Int Ophthalmol 10:213-220, 1987 13. ^Int Ophthalmol 10:245-253, 1987 14. ^Ophthalmic Surg 18:726-727, 1987 15. ^Int Ophthalmol 11:159-62, 1988 16. ^Int Ophthalmol 11:175-80, 1988 17. ^Peyman GA, Tsipursky M, Nassiri N, Conway M. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2011 Jul;6(3):166-76 18. ^[https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/12/21/president-obama-honors-nation-s-top-scientists-and-innovators President Obama Honors Nation’s Top Scientists and Innovators], White House Office of the Press Secretary (December 21, 2012). 19. ^[https://www.healio.com/ophthalmology/journals/jrs/contributor-awards Contributor Awards], Journal of Refractive Surgery. 20. ^Masoud Soheilian, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306077/ A Tribute to Dr Gholam A Peyman], J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2011 Jan; 6(1): 1–2. 21. ^Two University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix Faculty Named Fellows of the National Academy of Inventors (press release), University of Arizona Health Sciences (December 10, 2013). External links
9 : American ophthalmologists|Drug delivery devices|American biographers|Living people|American people of Iranian descent|Iranian scientists|American writers of Iranian descent|Iranian expatriate academics|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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