| 词条 | Giedroyc Doctrine |
| 释义 |
The Giedroyc doctrine ({{IPA-pl|ˈɡʲɛdrɔjt͡s|pron}}; {{lang-pl|doktryna Giedroycia}}) or Giedroyc–Mieroszewski doctrine was a political doctrine that urged reconciliation among Central and Eastern European countries. It was developed by postwar Polish émigrés, and was named for Jerzy Giedroyc, a Polish émigré publicist, with significant contributions by Juliusz Mieroszewski for whom it is also sometimes named. HistoryGiedroyc developed the doctrine in the 1970s in the journal Kultura with Juliusz Mieroszewski (the doctrine is sometimes called the Giedroyc-Mieroszewski doctrine[1][2]) and other émigrés of the "Maisons-Laffitte group".[1][3][4][5][7] The doctrine can be traced to the interwar Prometheist project of Józef Piłsudski.[6] The doctrine urged the need to rebuild good relations among East-Central and East European countries. This called for Poland to reject any imperial ambitions and controversial territorial claims, and to accept the postwar border changes.[3][5][6] The doctrine supported independence for Belarus and Ukraine.[3] It also advocated treating all East European countries as equal in importance to Russia, and refusing special treatment for Russia.[1][4] The doctrine was not hostile to Russia, but called on both Poland and Russia to abandon their struggle over domination of other East European countries — in this context, mainly the Baltic states, Belarus, and Ukraine (hence another name for the doctrine: the "ULB doctrine", where "ULB" stands for "Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus").[1][3][4][5] Initially it was addressing the attitude of the post-World War II Polish emigres, especially around the Polish government-in-exile in London, and basically calling for the recognition of the post-war status quo. [7] Later it was adapted towards the goal of the moving of Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania away from the Soviet and later Russian sphere of influence.[8] The doctrine supported the European Union and aimed at removing East-Central and East European countries from the Soviet sphere of influence.[3] After Poland regained its independence from Soviet influence following the fall of communism in 1989, the doctrine was implemented in Poland's Eastern foreign policies. Poland itself began integrating into the European Union, eventually joining the EU in 2004.[3][4][6] Poland has likewise supported Ukrainian membership in the European Union and NATO.[3] The doctrine has resulted in some tensions in Polish-Russian relations.[3] The doctrine has been questioned by some commentators and politicians, particularly in the 21st century,[4] and it has been suggested that in recent years the doctrine has been abandoned by the Polish Foreign Ministry.[5] Others, however, argue that the policy remains in force and is endorsed by the Polish Foreign Ministry.[1][9] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 Živilė Dambrauskaitė, Tomas Janeliūnas, Vytis Jurkonis, Vytautas Sirijos Gira, Lithuanian – Polish Relations Reconsidered: A Constrained Bilateral Agenda or an Empty Strategic Partnership? pp. 126–27 online, direct PDF download. 2. ^{{cite web|author=Nazwa * |url=http://www.przeglad-tygodnik.pl/pl/artykul/do-uczniow-giedroycia |title=Do uczniów Giedroycia | Tygodnik "Przegląd" |publisher=Przeglad-tygodnik.pl |date= |accessdate=2013-03-07}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|author=Aleks Szczerbiak|title=Poland within the European Union: New Awkward Partner or New Heart of Europe?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wACSxUX-wZAC&pg=PA1904|accessdate=7 March 2013|date=23 April 2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-134-17902-2|pages=1904–1905}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 Piotr A. Maciążek, Słownik Polityki Wschodniej{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Polityka Wschodnia, 2011 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://liberteworld.com/2011/03/08/the-giedroyc-era-ended-in-foreign-policy/ |title=The Giedroyc era ended in foreign policy |publisher=Liberte World |date=2011-03-08 |accessdate=2013-03-07}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author=Andreas Lorek|title=Poland's Role in the Development of an 'Eastern Dimension' of the European Union|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lsmgmbbKD9MC&pg=PA23|accessdate=7 March 2013|date=February 2009|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3-640-25671-6|pages=23–24}} 7. ^[https://www.tygodnikprzeglad.pl/do-uczniow-giedroycia/ "Do uczniów Giedroycia"], Przeglad, November 7, 2002 8. ^"Białoruś. Dobry sąsiad mówi po polsku", Gazeta Wyborcza, January 8, 2017 9. ^"O Giedroycia sporu nie ma. Rozmowa z Radosławem Sikorskim", Nowa Europa Wschodnia 1/2010, pp. 69–77. External links
6 : Foreign relations of Poland|Polish People's Republic|History of Poland (1989–present)|Political history of Poland|Foreign policy doctrines|Aftermath of World War II in Poland |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。