“Gimi language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Gimi language

释义

Phonology
Vowels Consonants Allophony Syllables Tone
Orthography
References

{{distinguish|Gimi language (West New Britain)}}{{Infobox language
|name=Gimi
|states=Papua New Guinea
|region=Eastern Highlands Province
|speakers=22,500
|date=1981
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=Trans–New Guinea
|fam2=Kainantu–Goroka
|fam3=Goroka
|dia1=Gouno
|iso3=gim
|glotto=gimi1243
|glottorefname=Gimi (Eastern Highlands)
}}

Gimi (Labogai) is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.

Phonology

Gimi has 5 vowels and 12 consonants.^[1] It has voiceless and voiced glottal consonants where related languages have {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}}. The voiceless glottal is simply a glottal stop {{IPA|[ʔ]}}. The voiced consonant behaves phonologically like a glottal stop, but does not have full closure. Phonetically it is a creaky-voiced glottal approximant {{IPA|[ʔ̞]}}.^[2]

Vowels

Front	Back
High	i}}	u}}
Mid	e}}	o}}
Low	ɑ}}

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p}}	t}}	ʔ}}
Plosive	voiced	b}}	d}}	ʔ̞}}
Nasal		m}}	n}}
Tap/Flap		ɾ}}
Fricative	voiceless	s}}	h}}
Fricative	voiced	z}}

Allophony

{{IPA|/p/}} occurs word initially only in loanwords.{{IPA|/b/}} can surface as either {{IPA|[b]}} or {{IPA|[β]}} in free variation.{{IPA|/z/}} becomes {{IPA|[s]}} before {{IPA|/ɑ/}}.{{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/ɾ/}} tend to fluctuate with one another word initially.

Syllables

The syllable structure is (C)V(G), where G is either {{IPA|/ʔ/}} or {{IPA|/ʔ̞/}}.

Tone

The final vowel of a word takes either a level or falling tone. The falling tone is written with an acute accent.

ak "seed"		ák "armband"
nimi "bird"		nimí "louse"

Orthography

Gimi uses the Latin script.^[1]

Letter	Aa	Bb	Dd	Ee	Gg	Hh	Ii	Kk	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Zz
IPA	ɑ}}	b}}	d}}	e}}	ʔ̞}}	h}}	i}}	ʔ}}	m}}	n}}	o}}	p}}	ɾ}}	s}}	t}}	u}}	z}}

References

1. ^¹Gimi Organised Phonology Data. [Manuscript]
2. ^{{SOWL|77–78}}

4 : Kainantu–Goroka languages|Languages of Papua New Guinea|Tonal languages|Languages of Eastern Highlands Province

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