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词条 Gimli, Manitoba
释义

  1. History

  2. Toponymy

  3. Gimli Harbour

  4. Climate

  5. Icelandic Festival

  6. Economy

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Gimli
|settlement_type = Community
|image_skyline = Gimli harbour masters.jpg
|image_caption = The Gimli Harbour Master's building and lighthouse, constructed in 1910, rebuilt 1974.
|native_name =
|pushpin_map =Manitoba
|mapsize =200px
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Canada
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Manitoba
|subdivision_type2 = Region
|subdivision_name2 = Interlake
|subdivision_type3 = Rural Municipality
|subdivision_name3 = RM of Gimli
|subdivision_type4 = Demonym:
|subdivision_name4 = Gimlungur (singular); Gimlungar (plural)
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Randy Woroniuk
|leader_title2 = MP (Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman)
|leader_name2 = James Bezan (CPC)
|leader_title3 = MLA (Gimli)
|leader_name3 = Jeff Wharton (PC)
|established_title1 = Founded
|established_date1 = October 21, 1875[1]
|established_title2 = Village of Gimli
|established_date2 = March 6, 1908
|established_title3 = Town of Gimli
|established_date3 = December 31, 1946[1]
|established_title4 = Amalgamated with RM of Gimli
|established_date4 = January 1, 2003[1]
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 = 3.01
|area_footnotes =
|population_as_of = 2016
|population_total = 2,246
|population_density_km2 = 746.6
|timezone = CST
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|coordinates = {{coord|50|38|01|N|96|59|24|W|region:CA|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 222
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = R0C 1B0
|area_code = 204, 431
|website =
}}

Gimli is a community in the Rural Municipality of Gimli on the west side of Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba. The community's first European settlers were Icelanders who were part of the New Iceland settlement in Manitoba. The community maintains a strong connection to Iceland and Icelandic culture today, including the annual Icelandic Festival. It was incorporated as a village on March 6, 1908, and held town status between December 31, 1946, and January 1, 2003, when it amalgamated with the RM of Gimli.[2] Census Canada now recognizes the community as a population centre for census purposes. The 2016 Canadian census recorded a population of 2,246 in the urban centre of Gimli.

The town's settlers sustained themselves primarily from agriculture and fishing. Gimli maintains a strong connection to the lake today, tourism has played a part in the town's current economic sustainability. Gimli Beach is a popular spot in the summer while the Gimli Harbour is the largest harbour on Lake Winnipeg and in Western Canada between Ontario and the Pacific Coast.

History

{{Historical populations
|1981|1688
|1986|1681
|1996|1574
|2001|1657
|2006|1896
|2011|2127
|footnote=Source: Statistics Canada
[3][4][5]
|2016|2246}}

The first European settlers in Gimli were Canadian Icelanders. Icelandic immigrants began settling in 1875.[6] The Icelandic settlers arrived from Kinmount, Ontario, and settled at the site of Gimli, the new home of New Iceland.[7] Volcanic eruptions in Iceland at the time spurred additional immigration to the Gimli and New Iceland area. 300 people left Iceland, arrived in Ontario and took a ship to Duluth, from there they made their way to Grand Forks, North Dakota and took a steamer up to the mouth of the Assinboine. 75-100 people stayed in the Winnipeg area while the rest made their way to Lake Winnipeg on flat boats and one York boat to save money.[7]

In 1875, the settlers landed south of Gimli at Willow Island and then had to walk and carry the remaining goods to the current site of Gimli.[7] A second group of approximately 800 would follow in their footsteps the next year.[7] Three town sites were chosen in New Iceland to be surveyed, Gimli was measured as approximately 1 mile of lakefront and half a mile in depth.[7] Of the three towns, Gimli, Lundi, and Sandvik, Gimli is the only one remaining and the only one to have developed exactly as planned.[7]

The Canadian Pacific Railway reached Gimli in 1906 and soon the town and surrounding region became a tourist and vacation destination for people from Winnipeg. By the 1930s the south shore area of Gimli began to see cottages replacing farmland.[8] With {{Convert|68|km|mi|abbr=on}} of shoreline on Lake Winnipeg, Gimli is a popular fishing destination in summer.

During World War II an area west of the community was appropriated by the Royal Canadian Air Force to construct a training facility. RCAF Station Gimli was opened in 1943 and remained in operation until 1945. The Station was reactivated in 1950 and was closed again in 1971.

In 1983, the Gimli Industrial Park Airport became famous when an Air Canada Boeing 767 ran out of fuel over southern Manitoba and successfully glided to a landing at Gimli Motorsport Park. The aircraft in that incident became known as the Gimli Glider.

In 2006, Icelandic-Canadian poet David Arnason contributed a naturally washer-shaped "lucky stone" from the shores of Lake Winnipeg at Gimli to the Six String Nation project. The stone was inlaid on the seventh fret of Voyageur, the guitar at the heart of the project, by Sara Nasr.[9]

Toponymy

Gimli is an Icelandic variant form of Gimlé, place in Nordic mythology, where the survivors of Ragnarök are foretold to live. It is mentioned in the Prose Edda and Völuspá and described as the most beautiful place on Earth, more beautiful than the Sun. In Asgard, the realm of the gods, Gimli is the golden roofed building where righteous men go when they die.[10] The etymology of Gimli is likely "the place protected from fire"[11] based on two Old Nordic elements : gimr "fire" and hlé "protected place".

Gimli Harbour

The Government of Canada provided the community of Gimli with a grant in 1898 to build a harbour in the community.[12] A permanent dock was built in 1900 and a lighthouse was added in 1910.[12] The lighthouse would later be damaged in an ice pileup in 1943 which managed to push it over. The original top of the lighthouse was saved and later put on top of a rebuilt replica in 1974 as part of a tourist attraction.[12] The lighthouse is currently managed by the New Iceland Heritage Museum.

Today the harbour serves as the largest harbour on Lake Winnipeg. It is the site of a Canadian Coast Guard station and home to the CCGS Vakta, the largest coast guard vessel on Lake Winnipeg. The Gimli Harbour remains an important economic driver not only in terms of tourism but also as part of a commercial fishery. An important source of food in the early days of New Iceland, fishing remains an important part of the modern economy today.[13]

The Gimli Yacht Club is located in the harbour and is used for recreational sailing, as well as to continue to teach sailing lessons today. The site has also been used competitively with races taking place in Gimli as part of the 1967 Pan American Games, the 1999 Pan American Games, and the 2017 Canada Summer Games.[14]

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Gimli has a humid continental climate with vast temperature differences between summer and winter, owing to its relatively northerly latitude and distance to coastlines. As a result, summers are warm and sometimes hot, with winters sometimes being bitterly cold.

{{Weather box
|location = Gimli, Manitoba
|collapsed =
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan record high C = 8.2
|Feb record high C = 8.1
|Mar record high C = 15.0
|Apr record high C = 29.2
|May record high C = 36.1
|Jun record high C = 36.7
|Jul record high C = 35.0
|Aug record high C = 37.5
|Sep record high C = 36.5
|Oct record high C = 26.1
|Nov record high C = 22.8
|Dec record high C = 6.3
|year record high C = 37.5
|Jan high C = −12.8
|Feb high C = −9.3
|Mar high C = -1.8
|Apr high C = 8.2
|May high C = 16.3
|Jun high C = 21.6
|Jul high C = 24.9
|Aug high C = 23.2
|Sep high C = 16.9
|Oct high C = 9.5
|Nov high C = -1.1
|Dec high C = −10.5
|year high C = 7.1
|Jan mean C = −18.2
|Feb mean C = −14.8
|Mar mean C = −7.3
|Apr mean C = 2.7
|May mean C = 10.6
|Jun mean C = 16.1
|Jul mean C = 19.2
|Aug mean C = 17.5
|Sep mean C = 11.6
|Oct mean C = 4.8
|Nov mean C = -5.2
|Dec mean C = −15.4
|year mean C = 1.8
|Jan low C = −23.5
|Feb low C = −20.3
|Mar low C = −12.8
|Apr low C = −2.9
|May low C = 4.7
|Jun low C = 10.5
|Jul low C = 13.5
|Aug low C = 11.8
|Sep low C = 6.3
|Oct low C = 0.0
|Nov low C = −9.2
|Dec low C = −20.3
|year low C = −3.5
|Jan record low C = −41.2
|Feb record low C = −39.4
|Mar record low C = −34.4
|Apr record low C = −25.6
|May record low C = −9.5
|Jun record low C = -1.3
|Jul record low C = 2.8
|Aug record low C = 0.5
|Sep record low C = −15.8
|Oct record low C = −16.4
|Nov record low C = −34.3
|Dec record low C = −39.4
|year record low C = −41.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 22.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 17.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 30.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 30.0
|May precipitation mm = 49.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 94.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 69.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 64.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 66.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 38.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 27.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 22.5
|year precipitation mm = 532.5
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 0.3
|Feb rain mm = 0.3
|Mar rain mm = 8.8
|Apr rain mm = 19.8
|May rain mm = 47.6
|Jun rain mm = 94.1
|Jul rain mm = 69.7
|Aug rain mm = 64.2
|Sep rain mm = 65.6
|Oct rain mm = 30.3
|Nov rain mm = 5.3
|Dec rain mm = 1.8
|year rain mm = 407.8
|Jan snow cm = 27.6
|Feb snow cm = 21.7
|Mar snow cm = 24.1
|Apr snow cm = 11.4
|May snow cm = 2.2
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 1.1
|Oct snow cm = 8.4
|Nov snow cm = 26.6
|Dec snow cm = 25.0
|year snow cm = 148.1
|unit precipitation days= 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days= 12.3
|Feb precipitation days= 9.2
|Mar precipitation days= 9.5
|Apr precipitation days= 8.1
|May precipitation days= 9.9
|Jun precipitation days= 12.7
|Jul precipitation days= 11.7
|Aug precipitation days= 11.6
|Sep precipitation days= 11.1
|Oct precipitation days= 10.0
|Nov precipitation days= 9.4
|Dec precipitation days= 12.4
|year precipitation days= 127.6
|unit rain days= 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days= 0.30
|Feb rain days= 0.35
|Mar rain days= 2.5
|Apr rain days= 5.6
|May rain days= 9.5
|Jun rain days= 12.7
|Jul rain days= 11.7
|Aug rain days= 11.6
|Sep rain days= 10.9
|Oct rain days= 8.2
|Nov rain days= 2.3
|Dec rain days= 0.53
|year rain days= 76.1
|unit snow days= 0.2 cm
|Jan snow days= 13.9
|Feb snow days= 9.7
|Mar snow days= 8.5
|Apr snow days= 3.7
|May snow days= 1.0
|Jun snow days= 0.05
|Jul snow days= 0
|Aug snow days= 0
|Sep snow days= 0.45
|Oct snow days= 2.6
|Nov snow days= 8.6
|Dec snow days= 13.6
|year snow days= 62.0
|Jan sun = 119.3
|Feb sun = 141.2
|Mar sun = 190.3
|Apr sun = 247.5
|May sun = 284.4
|Jun sun = 289.6
|Jul sun = 319.1
|Aug sun = 271.8
|Sep sun = 174.8
|Oct sun = 141.1
|Nov sun = 94.9
|Dec sun = 102.4
|year sun = 2376.4
|source 1 = Environment Canada[15]
|date=November 2010
}}

Icelandic Festival

The Icelandic Festival of Manitoba has been celebrated since 1890 and has been held in Gimli since 1932.[16] Several thousand tourists come each year for three days during the August long weekend. Artworks from jewellery to paintings are displayed at the art museum as well along the pier wall that extends from downtown Gimli into the lake, and traditional Icelandic dishes are offered.

Gimli also holds a five-day summer film festival, during which films are shown on a screen in the lake to audiences on the beach.

{{wide image|Gimli Manitoba Canada Panorama.jpg|900px|Gimli with Lake Winnipeg in the foreground.}}

Economy

Gimli is the site of the Crown Royal whiskey distillery. Daily production of Crown Royal uses 10,000 bushels of rye, corn and barley from Manitoba and surrounding provinces,[17] and requires {{convert|750000|impgal|L USgal}} of water naturally filtered through the limestone beneath the lake.[17] The whisky produced at the Manitoba distillery is stored in 1.5 million barrels,[18] located in 50 warehouses over {{convert|5|acre|ha|0}} of land. The whisky is then blended and bottled in Amherstburg, Ontario.[19][20]

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Manitoba Communities: Gimli (Rural Municipality) |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/municipalities/gimli.shtml |website=Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=2017-08-14}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/municipalities/gimli.shtml | title=Manitoba Municipalities: Gimli | publisher=The Manitoba Historical Society | date=October 23, 2013 | accessdate=November 10, 2013}}
3. ^{{cite web | title = 2001 Community Profiles | work = Statistics Canada | publisher =Government of Canada | url = http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Index.cfm?Lang=E | accessdate = 2014-12-23}}
4. ^{{cite web | title = 2006 Community Profiles | work = Statistics Canada | publisher =Government of Canada | url =http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/search-recherche/lst/page.cfm?Lang=E&GeoCode=46 | accessdate = 2014-12-23}}
5. ^{{cite web | title = 2011 Community Profiles | work = Statistics Canada | publisher =Government of Canada | url =http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/page.cfm?Lang=E&GeoCode=46&TABID=1&G=1&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=0&Code2=0 | accessdate = 2014-12-23}}
6. ^{{cite web| title=An Experiment in Immigrant Colonization: Canada and the Icelandic Reserve, 1875-1897 by Ryan Christopher Eyford (map page 4) | url =http://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/bitstream/1993/4338/1/eyford_ryan.pdf|accessdate =2014-05-28}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Gimli Saga |publisher=Gimli Women's Institute |url=http://manitobia.ca/resources/books/local_histories/013.pdf |date=1975 |accessdate=2017-08-13}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://southbeachmanitoba.com/history/ |title=History |publisher=South Beach Property Owners Association, Gimli, Manitoba |accessdate=2014-12-22 }}
9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/302060380|title=Six string nation : 64 pieces, 6 strings, 1 Canada, 1 guitar|last=Jowi.|first=Taylor,|date=2009|publisher=Douglas & McIntyre|isbn=9781553653936|location=Vancouver|oclc=302060380}}
10. ^{{cite book|last=Davidson|first=H. R. Ellis |author-link=Hilda Ellis Davidson |title=Gods and Myths of Northern Europe|publisher=Penguin Books|location=England|isbn=978-0-14-013627-2|page=28}}
11. ^[https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Gimlé Nordic Names : Gimlé]
12. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Historic Sites of Manitoba: Gimli Dock and Lighthouse (Gimli, RM of Gimli) |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/sites/gimlilighthouse.shtml |website=Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=2017-08-11}}
13. ^{{cite web |title=About Us - About Gimli |url=http://www.gimlicdc.ca/main.asp?fxoid=FXMenu,2&cat_ID=1&sub_ID=26 |website=Gimli Community Development Corporation |accessdate=2017-08-11}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Gimli Yacht Club - Our History |url=http://www.gimliyachtclub.com/article/20110316/our-history |website=Gimli Yacht Club |accessdate=2017-08-11}}
15. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=3736&lang=e&dCode=0&province=MAN&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12 | title=Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000 | publisher=Environment Canada | accessdate=March 19, 2012}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://icelandicfestival.com/main.asp?cat_ID=1 |title=About The Festival |publisher=Icelandic Festival of Manitoba |accessdate=2014-12-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223035618/http://icelandicfestival.com/main.asp?cat_ID=1 |archivedate=2014-12-23 |df= }}
17. ^1 https://www.crownroyal.com/story/our-process/
18. ^https://www.crownroyal.com/story/our-home/
19. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.businessedge.ca/article.cfm/newsID/10997.cfm | work= Business Edge News Magazine (Ontario Edition)|publisher= businessedge.ca | title=Towns look to leave mark on booze bottles}}
20. ^Layoffs land at Diageo {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131230245/http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=011b7c7d-9259-4368-a5d3-6e2a0a3a05d9 |date=2008-01-31 }} at Canada.com

External links

{{commonscat}}{{Wikivoyage|Gimli}}
  • Gimli Rural Municipality website
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20141223031854/http://icelandicfestival.com/default.asp Icelandic Festival website]
{{MBDivision18}}{{Authority control}}

3 : Former towns in Manitoba|Gimli, Manitoba|Icelandic settlements in Canada
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