| 词条 | Gino Claudio Segrè |
| 释义 |
|image = GinoClaudioSegre.jpeg |image_size = 250px |caption = |birth_name = Gino Claudio Segrè |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1938|10|4|mf=yes}} |birth_place = Florence, Italy |nationality = Italian, American }}Gino Claudio Segrè (born October 4, 1938) is a Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of several books on the history of science, particularly on atomic physics. Segrè's Faust in Copenhagen was a finalist in the Los Angeles Times Book Fair[1] and winner of the American Institute of Physics Science Writing Award.[2] Birth and educationGino Segrè was born in Florence, Italy, to an Italian Jewish father (Angelo Segrè) and a German Catholic mother (Katherine ‘Katia’ Schall Segrè). The family immigrated to New York City in May 1939, where they resided for 8 years before returning to Florence.[3] Segre's uncle, Nobel laureate physicist Emilio Segrè also emigrated to the United States in 1938 because of the anti-semitic laws enacted in Italy. Gino Segrè received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard College in 1959 and a Ph.D. degree in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963. Afterwards, Segre became a fellow at CERN and the University of California, Berkeley. He joined the University of Pennsylvania physics department as a professor in 1967, where he remained until he retired in 2007. His honors include fellowships from Guggenheim Foundation, Sloan Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation. BooksSince 2002, Segrè has published four books on the history of science. Written together with Bettina Hoerlin, Segrè's "Pope of Physics: Enrico Fermi and the Birth of the Atomic Age" is a biography of the famous Italian physicist Enrico Fermi, whose colleagues referred to him as the Pope due to his infallibility.[4] Fermi has a rich legacy of scientific advances, and is best known for his leadership in building the atomic bomb. "Pope of Physics" was reviewed by The Wall Street Journal[5] and Nature.[6] Segrè's Ordinary Geniuses is a dual biography of Max Delbruck and George Gamow, two physicists who made major contributions to the field of biology with their 'pioneering' spirits and practical jokes.[7] Ordinary Geniuses was reviewed by Jeremy Bernstein in The Wall Street Journal[8] and Jonathon Keats in New Scientist.[9] Segrè's book Faust in Copenhagen recounts how a group of 40 physicists assembled at Niels Bohr's Copenhagen Institute focusing on the discovery of the neutron.[10] On the final night of the meeting, the younger physicists mount a skit that was a parody of Goethe's Faust, adapted to the world of physics. By Segre's description, ‘What the physicists didn’t realize was that within a year, Hitler’s ascent to power would change their world and within a decade their studies of the atomic nucleus would force them to make their own Faustian bargains.’ Faust in Copenhagen was reviewed in the Sunday New York Times book section by George Johnson.[11] Segrè's A Matter of Degrees: What Temperature Reveals about the Past and Future of our Species, Planet and Universe[12] explores temperature’s many mysteries, from the causes of fevers in humans to the origin of the universe. Marcia Bartusiak reviewed Matter of Degrees in The New York Times.[13] The Pope of Physics: Enrico Fermi and the Birth of the Atomic Age will be published on October 18, 2016. Written with Bettina Hoerlin, The Pope of Physics explores the life and career of Enrico Fermi.[14]Scientific researchSegrè’s research has ranged across several major scientific topics within high-energy theoretical physics, including electroweak interactions to develop better understand of symmetry violations.. Within astrophysics his research contributions have ranged from baryon asymmetry to pulsar kicks. His work includes:Pulsar Velocities and Neutrino Oscillations (with A. Kusenko, Physical Review Letters, 1996);[15] Pulsar Kicks from Neutrino Oscillations (with A. Kusenko, Phys. Rev., 1999);[16] and Implications of Gauge Unification for the Variation of the Fine Structure Constant (with P. Langacker and Matt Strassler, Phys. Letters, 2002).[17] Personal lifeSegrè is married to Bettina Hoerlin, a former Philadelphia Health Commissioner. She is the daughter of Los Alamos physicist Hermann Hoerlin and Kate Tietz Schmid. Hoerlin has chronicled her parents meeting and departure from Nazi Germany in her book ‘Steps of Courage’.[18] Together they have seven children, nine grandchildren and live in Philadelphia. References1. ^{{cite news |url=http://events.latimes.com/bookprizes/previous-winners/year-2007/ |title=2007 Los Angeles Times Book Prizes Winners |work=Los Angeles Times |date=11 April 2007 |accessdate=2014-08-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424170625/http://events.latimes.com/bookprizes/previous-winners/year-2007/ |archivedate=24 April 2013 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite press release| url=http://www.newswise.com/articles/american-institute-of-physics-announces-awards-for-best-science-writing1 |title=American Institute of Physics Announces Awards for Best Science Writing |publisher=American Institute of Physics| date=24 February 2009| accessdate=2014-08-19}} 3. ^{{cite journal| url=http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/1111/elsewhere.html |title=Old Friends| journal=Penn Gazette |date=November–December 2011| accessdate=2014-08-19}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Segre|first1=Gino|last2=Hoerlin|first2=Bettina|title=THE POPE OF PHYSICS: Enrico Fermi and the Birth of the Atomic Age|publisher=Henry Holt and Co.|isbn=9781627790055|pages=http://us.macmillan.com/thepopeofphysics/ginosegre/9781627790055/}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Crumey|first1=Andrew|title=Father of the Atomic Age|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/father-of-the-atomic-age-1477074176|accessdate=5 March 2017}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Farmelo|first1=Graham|title=Physics: Fallible pontiff of physics|journal=Nature|date=13 October 2016|volume=538|issue=7624|pages=168–169|doi=10.1038/538168a|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v538/n7624/full/538168a.html|accessdate=5 March 2017|bibcode=2016Natur.538..168F}} 7. ^{{cite book| last=Segre| first=Gino| title=Ordinary Geniuses: Max Delbruck, George Gamow and the Origins of Genomics and Big-Bang Cosmology| date=18 August 2011| publisher=Viking-Penguin| isbn=978-0670022762}} 8. ^{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Jeremy |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904888304576472690333523916 |title=Book Review: Ordinary Geniuses |work=Wall Street Journal |date=13 August 2011 |accessdate=2014-08-19 |subscription=yes}} 9. ^{{cite web |last=Keats |first=Jonathon |url=https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2011/08/a-pair-of-maverick-physicists.html |title=CultureLab: A pair of maverick physicists |publisher=Newscientist.com |date=24 August 2011 |accessdate=2014-08-19}} 10. ^{{cite book| last=Segre| first=Gino| title=Faust in Copenhagen: A Struggle for the Soul of Physics| year=2007| publisher=Viking| isbn=978-0143113737}} 11. ^{{cite news| last=Johnson| first=George| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/24/books/review/Johnson-t.html|title=Meta Physicists| newspaper=The New York Times| accessdate=2014-08-19}} 12. ^{{cite book| last=Segre| first=Gino| title=A Matter of Degrees What Temperature Reveals about the Past and Future of our Species, Planet and Universe| year=2002| publisher=Viking| isbn=978-0142002780}} 13. ^{{cite news| first=Marcia |last=Bartusiak |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/04/books/fahrenheit-451000.html |title=Fahrenheit 451,000| publisher=Nytimes.com |date=4 August 2002| accessdate=2014-08-19}} 14. ^http://us.macmillan.com/thepopeofphysics 15. ^{{Cite journal| arxiv=hep-ph/9606428 |title=[hep-ph/9606428] Velocities of pulsars and neutrino oscillations |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=77 |issue=24 |pages=4872–4875 |date=2 November 1996 |last1=Kusenko |first1=Alexander |last2=Segre |first2=Gino |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.4872 |pmid=10062656 |bibcode=1996PhRvL..77.4872K }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://prd.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v59/i6/e061302 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20140303102613/http://prd.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v59/i6/e061302 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=3 March 2014 |title=Phys. Rev. D 59, 061302(R) (1999) - Pulsar kicks from neutrino oscillations |publisher=Prd.aps.org |date=25 February 1999 |accessdate=2014-08-19 }} 17. ^{{cite journal| url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269302011899 |title=Implications of gauge unification for time variation of the fine structure constant |date=28 February 2002 |accessdate=2014-08-19 |doi=10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01189-9 |volume=528 |issue=1–2 |journal=Physics Letters B |pages=121–128|arxiv=hep-ph/0112233 |bibcode=2002PhLB..528..121L |last1=Langacker |first1=Paul |last2=Segrè |first2=Gino |last3=Strassler |first3=Matthew J }} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://bettinahoerlin.com |title=Steps of Courage: My Parents' Journey from Nazi Germany to America |publisher=Bettinahoerlin.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-19}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.physics.upenn.edu/people/emeritus/gino-c-segre |title=Gino C. Segre | Physics & Astronomy |publisher=Physics.upenn.edu |date= |accessdate=2014-03-02}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://ginosegre.com/about-gino-segre/ |title=About Me | Gino Segrè |publisher=Ginosegre.com |date=2007-08-14 |accessdate=2014-03-02}} 21. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/14/science/14conv.html?_r=0| title=In the Footsteps of His Uncle, Then His Father| newspaper=The New York Times| accessdate=2014-03-02}} External links
13 : Living people|1938 births|21st-century American physicists|Italian scientists|Harvard College alumni|Guggenheim Fellows|University of Pennsylvania faculty|People associated with CERN|People from Florence|American science writers|Scientists from Philadelphia|21st-century American non-fiction writers|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni |
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