| 词条 | Girardia tigrina |
| 释义 |
| name = Girardia tigrina | image = G tigrina pattern 2.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Platyhelminthes | classis = Rhabditophora | ordo = Tricladida | subordo = Continenticola | familia = Dugesiidae | genus = Girardia | species = G. tigrina | binomial = Girardia tigrina | binomial_authority = (Girard, 1850) | synonyms =
}}Girardia tigrina is a species of dugesiid native to the Americas.[1] It has been accidentally introduced into Europe[2] and Japan.[3] DescriptionG. tigrina individuals are around 10 mm in length. They have a head with two broad and short auricles. The two eyes are in two pigment-free patches. The dorsal surface of the body has numerous pigment spots.[3]Distribution and ecologyOriginally from the Americas, Girardia tigrina has become an invasive species in Europe and Japan. Since being first recorded in France in 1925,[4] this species has been reported from many other European countries, including Germany,[5][6] Italy,[7] the Netherlands,[8] Romania,[9] and Wales.[10] In North Wales, this species has displaced the native triclad species Polycelis nigra and Polycelis tenuis due to its superior exploitation of food.[2] DietG. tigrina is a carnivorous species that feeds on invertebrates such as oligochaetes, isopods, chironomids, snails, caddisflies, and mayflies.[2]KaryologyThe haploid number is n=8. There are diploid (2n=16) and triploid (3n=24) specimens.[3] References1. ^Ball, I. R.: A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). Biology of the Turbellaria (Edited by: Riser NW and Morse MP). New York: McGraw-Hill New York 1974 , 339-401. {{Taxonbar|from=Q147231}}2. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | last1 = Gee | first1 = H. | last2 = Young | first2 = J. O. | doi = 10.1007/BF00014313 | title = The food niches of the invasive Dugesia tigrina (Girard) and indigenous Polycelis tennis Ijima and P. Nigra (Müller) (Turbellaria; Tricladida) in a Welsh lake | journal = Hydrobiologia | volume = 254 | issue = 2 | pages = 99 | year = 1993 | pmid = | pmc = }} 3. ^1 2 Sluys, R., Kawakatsu, M., Yamamoto, K., 2010. "Exotic freshwater planarians currently known from Japan". Belgian Journal of Zoology, 140 (Suppl.). p. 103-109 4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Gourbault | first1 = N. | doi = 10.1051/limn/1969006 | title = Expansion de dugesia tigrina (Girard), planaire américaine introduite en Europe | journal = Annales de Limnologie | volume = 5 | pages = 3 | year = 1969 | pmid = | pmc = }} 5. ^Meinken (H.)., 1925. Ein verkannter Laichraùher — Wochenschrift fur Aquarien und Terrarienkunde, 22 S : 94-96. 6. ^Meinken (H.)., 1927. Planaria maculata, ein aus Nordamerika eingeschleffter Laichriiber und seine Vertilgung — Blatter fiir Aquarien und Terrarienkunde, 38 S : 131-133. 7. ^Benazzi M., 1970. Karyological research on the American planarians Dugesia dorotocephala and Dugesia tigrina. J. Biol. Psychol. / Worm Runner's Digest, XII (1): 81-82. 8. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Velde | first1 = G. | title = The immigrant triclad flatworm Dugesia tigrina (Girard) (Plathelminthes, Turbellaria). Range-extension and ecological position in the Netherlands | doi = 10.1007/BF02263331 | journal = Hydrobiological Bulletin | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 123–130 | year = 1975 | pmid = | pmc = }} 9. ^An der Lan (H.)., 1962. Zur Turbellarien Fauna der Danau. Arch. Hydrobiol., suppl., 2 7 : 3-27. 10. ^Gee, H., 1990. The biology of the immigrant triclad Dugesia tigrina, (Girard): a comparative study with native triclad species. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Liverpool, England. 1 : Dugesiidae |
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