| 词条 | Girindra Mukerji |
| 释义 |
| name = Girindra Mukerji | image = Girindra Mukerji in 1908 in the San Francisco Call.png | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = British India | birth_name = | alma_mater = Calcutta University University of California, Berkeley | Current Place = | death_date = | death_place = | honors = | employer = Bengal National College | known_for = | Literary works = | quote = | footnotes = | spouse = }}Girindra Mukerji was an Indian anti-British revolutionary, organizer, and agriculturist. His article "The Hindu in America"[1] has been widely cited as a document describing early Indian immigration to the United States.[2][3][4][5][6] Mukerji was born in India, and according to the San Francisco Chronicle, the son of a "Judge of one of the higher courts."[7] In 1901, he received an AB degree from Calcutta University. He moved to the United States and became a student at the University of California, Berkeley circa 1905.[7] His time at UC Berkeley was widely covered by American press. In summer 1905, according to Gopal Stavig, Mukerji represented the Vedanta Society at the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland, Oregon.[8] Mukerji was the President of the Association of Oriental Students at UC Berkeley during at least 1907-1908.[9][10] In November 1907, he published a booklet on American colleges focused on an Indian audience; the release was covered in the San Francisco Chronicle.[9] A subsequent article, "The Hindu in America," was published in the Overland Monthly in April 1908. In December 1907, Mukerji gave a scathing lecture on the British empire in India to UC Berkeley's Economics Club, which was covered in the San Francisco Chronicle, in an article titled "Hindu Arraigns Britons for the Ruin of India: Calcutta Graduate Scores England for Overtaxing of His People."[11] In January 1908 he led a student protest against J. Lovell Murray, a Christian evangelist who was in Berkeley to give a talk titled "Awakening the Orient" organized by the local Y.M.C.A. Just before Murray was about to enter Stiles Hall to give his lecture, 16 of the 17 Indian students at UC Berkeley, including Mukerji, requested Murray to remove from his talk any references to the immorality of Hindu priests, and its use in the justification of the occupation of India by the British. Murray refused. Once Murray was finished speaking, Mukerji was invited to respond to speaker. He spoke against the British occupation, followed by six other students from the group, until the organizers decided to shut down the event.[12] Mukerji was a student of Professor Eugene W. Hilgard, an expert on agricultural chemistry.[13] In 1907-1908, he received a Master of Science from the College of Agriculture at UC Berkeley; his thesis was entitled "A Comparative Study of Soil Columns in the San Joaquin Valley."[14] University President Wheeler, who was present at his farewell, spoke highly of his work and cited him as a role model for other Indians.[13] In 1907, the Berkeley Daily Gazette reported that Mukerji was to "return to his home to take the chair of agriculture at the Calcuttat (sic) University."[15] Mukerji left for New York in March 1908.[13] In a 1911 article, Sarangadhar Das wrote that after graduating from UC Berkeley in 1908, Mukerji "worked as the Superindending (sic) Chemist in a sugar factory in Porto Rico, Cuba, and now is employed in the Bengal National College. Mukerji was Hindustani Interpreter in the employ of the Immigration Department."[7] Published works
References1. ^1 {{Cite journal|url = http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/item/20111101-443|title = The Hindu in America|last = Mukerji|first = Girindra|date = April 1908|journal = Overland Monthly|accessdate = 19 June 2014|doi = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukerji, Girindra}}2. ^{{cite book|author=Jane Singh|title=South Asians in North America: An Annotated and Selected Bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOZtAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, Berkeley|isbn=978-0-944613-03-0|page=57}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Howard Brett Melendy|title=Asians in America: Filipinos, Koreans, and East Indians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YnzrhaBh9J0C|year=1977|publisher=Twayne Publishers|isbn=978-0-8057-8414-5|page=285}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Sripati Chandrasekhar|title=From India to America: a brief history of immigration, problems of discrimination, admission, and assimilation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CUOAUsB_yjoC|date=1 April 1982|publisher=Population Review Publications|isbn=978-0-9609080-0-4|page=102}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Iftikhar Haider Malik|title=US-South Asia relations, 1784-1940: a historical perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgBuAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Area Study Centre for Africa, North & South America, Quaid-i-Azam University|isbn=978-969-8013-02-8|page=371}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Mahin Gosine|title=The East Indian odyssey: dilemmas of a migrant people|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9whuAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Windsor Press|page=195}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Das|first1=Sarangadhar|title=Why Must We Emigrate to the United States of America?|journal=Modern Review|date=July 1911|page=72|url=http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/item/20101216-154|accessdate=19 June 2014}} 8. ^{{Cite book|title = Western Admirers of Ramakrishna and His Disciples|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=suKdBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA751&ots=KvmjjQkNMs&pg=PA751|publisher = Advaita Ashrama|date = 2010-10-02|isbn = 9788175053342|language = en|first = Gopal|last = Stavig|page = 751}} 9. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url = http://search.proquest.com/hnpsfchronicle/docview/251664657/7A0B1683F13E46B9PQ/6|title = HE WANTS MORE HINDOO STUDENTS TO COME HERE: President of Association of Oriental Students Writes Booklet on American Colleges.|last = |first = |date = 28 Nov 1907|work = San Francisco Chronicle|access-date = 1 July 2015|via = ProQuest Historical Newspapers|page = 11}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Chatterjee|first1=Ramananda|title=Information about American Universities for Oriental Students|journal=The Modern Review|date=March 1908|volume=3|pages=269–270|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVAxAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA270&ots=2wMyDPuXiX&pg=PA269#v=snippet&q=girindra&f=false|accessdate=8 June 2014}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url = http://search.proquest.com/hnpsfchronicle/docview/251642649/7A0B1683F13E46B9PQ/5|title = Hindu Arraigns Britons for the Ruin of India: Calcutta Graduate Scores England for Overtaxing of His People|last = |first = |date = 5 December 1907|work = San Francisco Chronicle|access-date = 1 July 2015|via = ProQuest Historical Newspapers|page = 13}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Hindu Students Flay Missionary|url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19080118.2.46.12|accessdate=9 June 2014|work=San Francisco Call|date=18 January 1908|archiveurl=http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/item/20131129-3487|archivedate=29 November 2013|page=4}} 13. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Bid Farewell to Calcutta Student|url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19080316.2.36.28|date=16 March 1908|accessdate=9 June 2014|work=San Francisco Call}} 14. ^{{cite book|title=Bulletin: University of California (1868-1952)|publisher=University of California|page=17|url=https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=7uy4uNW8IloC&pg=RA3-PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=8 June 2014}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url = https://newspaperarchive.com/us/california/berkeley/berkeley-daily-gazette/1907/12-23/page-9|title = Successful Students Rewarded|last = |first = |date = 23 December 1907|work = Berkeley Daily Gazette|accessdate = 19 June 2014}} 9 : Bengali people|Scientists from Kolkata|Indian independence activists from Bengal|People of British India|University of California, Berkeley alumni|University of Calcutta alumni|Indian expatriates in the United States|Indian agriculturalists|20th-century Indian botanists |
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