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词条 Giro d'Italia automobilistico
释义

  1. History

     1901  1973  1974  1975  1976  1977  1978  1979  1980  1988  1989  2011 

  2. Overall winners

  3. See also

  4. References

{{Infobox motorsport championship
| name = Giro d'Italia automobilistico
| logo =
| image-size =
| caption =
| category = Sports cars
| country = Italy
| classes = 1973–1980: Group 5, Group 4, Group 3, Group 2, Group 1
| inaugural = 1901
| inaugural2 = 1973
| folded =
| website =
}}

The Giro d'Italia automobilistico was an automobile race around Italy, historically first held in 1901, then reinstituted as annual event between 1973 and 1980, resurrected for 1988 and 1989, and again in 2011. Both in its historical and modern iterations the Giro d'Italia was inspired by its French equivalent, the Tour de France Automobile.

History

1901

The first Giro d'Italia was organised by Club automobilistico di Torino (Automobile club of Turin) with the patronage of Milanese newspaper Il Corriere della Sera. Seventy-two crews enrolled.

The race started on 27 April 1901 in Turin; of the 72 cars which had enrolled, only 32 were present at the starting line.[1] These included nine Fiats, four Panhards, quattro Peugeots, three Renaults, two Rossellis, two Morses, and one each from Benz, Ceirano, Delahaye, Marchand, Daimler, De Dion, Isotta Fraschini and Darracq.

1973

The first Giro d'Italia automobilistico took place between 24 and 28 October. The race was part of the Italian Group 4 Championship.

Route and events[2][3]
DayLegCircuit or routeEvent
25 OctoberTurin–Varano de' Melegari Cesana–Sestriere Hillclimb
Autodromo di Casale Circuit race
26 OctoberVarano de' Melegari–Misano Adriatico Autodromo di Varano Time trial
Autodromo del Mugello Circuit race
Autodromo Dino Ferrari Circuit race
Autodromo di Misano Night time trial
27 OctoberMisano Adriatico–Turin Autodromo di Misano Circuit race
Autodromo di Varano Circuit race
Autodromo di Casale Night time trial
 Podium finishers[3]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Italy}} Casoni|{{flagicon|Italy}} Minganti}}Italy}} Scuderia Nettuno
{{flagicon|Italy}} De Tomaso Pantera Gr.4		Gr. 4 55 m 35.0 s
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Bonomelli|{{flagicon|Italy}} Bonomelli}}Italy}} Bonomelli Squadra Corse
{{flagicon|Germany}} Porsche 911		Gr. 5 57 m 11.2 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Borri|{{flagicon|Italy}} Anzalone}}Italy}} Brescia Corse
{{flagicon|Germany}} Porsche 911		Gr. 5 59 m 57.3 s
 Class winners[3]
ClassDriversCarTime
Group 5
>1300 cc Bonomelli-Bonomelli Porsche 911 57 m 11.2 s
Group 4
>2000 cc Casoni-Minganti De Tomaso Pantera Gr.4 55 m 35.0 s
2000 cc Dal Ben-Besenzoni Fiat 124 S 1 h 08 m 47.8 s
1600 cc Dal Ben-Besenzoni Fiat 124 S 1 h 08 m 47.8 s
1300 cc Dal Ben-Besenzoni Alpine 1 h 08 m 47.8 s

1974

The 2º Giro d'Italia automobilistico took place between 14 and 20 October. The race was part of the Italian Group 4 Championship.

The works Fiat Rally team fielded four cars: two Fiat Abarth X1/9 prototypes (one driven by Ferrari F1 pilot Clay Regazzoni), a mysterious Abarth SE 030 prototype based on the yet unveiled Lancia Montecarlo (which scored a remarkable second place on its first outing), and finally a Group 4 124 Abarth Rally.

Lancia was only represented by the Andruet/Biche's victorious Lancia Stratos Turbo.

Another notable entrant was Arturo Merzario, on an ill-prepared Jolly Club Group 5 Stratos, stopped by an engine seizure already on the first day, at Casale.

Of 85 on the starting grid, 52 finished the race.[4]

Route and events[5][6]
DayLegCircuit or routeEvent
15 OctoberTurin–Imola Cesana–Sestriere Hillclimb
Autodromo di Casale Race
16 OctoberImola–Misano Adriatico Autodromo Dino Ferrari Race
Autodromo del Mugello Race
17 OctoberMisano Adriatico–Vallelunga Autodromo di Misano Race
S. Stefano–Passo dello Spino Hillclimb
Autodromo di Magione Race
18 OctoberVallelunga–Parma Autodromo di Vallelunga Race
S. Giorgio–Colonnetta Hillclimb
Quercegrossa–Croce Fiorentina Hillclimb
19 OctoberParma–Turin Autodromo di Varano Race
Autodromo di Monza Race
 Podium finishers[6]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|France}} Andruet|{{flagicon|France}} «Biche»}}Italy}} Lancia Corse
{{flagicon|Italy}} Lancia Stratos Turbo		Gr. 5 1 h 18 m 41.5 s
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Pianta|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Beckers}}Italy}} Abarth
{{flagicon|Italy}} Abarth SE 030		Gr. 5 1 h 22 m 43.4 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Govoni|{{flagicon|Italy}} Angelelli}}Italy}} Scuderia Nettuno
{{flagicon|Italy}} De Tomaso Pantera Gr.4		Gr. 4 1 h 24 m 10.5 s

1975

The 3º Giro d'Italia automobilistico took place between 11 and 18 October.

For 1975 the coefficient for hillclimb races times was raised to 3:1, thus favouring rally drivers over circuit drivers, less accustomed to racing on closed public roads; no Formula One drivers took parts to the 3rd Giro. Autodelta fielded a Alfa Romeo 33/3 in Group 5.

The favourite Munari/Maiga duo ended sixth, but only after having witnessed their Alitalia Stratos Turbo burn to the ground after the last race. Winner were Pianta and Scabini on a 3.5-litre Abarth SE 031, a prototype based on a heavily modified Fiat 131.

DayLegCircuit or routeEventNotes
12 OctoberTurin–Modena Autodromo di Monza Race
Cesana–Sestriere Hillclimb Race cancelled[10]
13 OctoberModena–Misano Adriatico Autodromo Dino Ferrari Race
Autodromo di Misano Race
14 OctoberMisano Adriatico–Magione S. Stefano–Passo dello Spino Hillclimb
Autodromo di Magione Race
15 OctoberMagione–Orvieto Rieti–Terminillo Hillclimb
Autodromo di Vallelunga Race
16 OctoberOrvieto–Parma S. Giorgio–Colonnetta Hillclimb
Quercegrossa–Croce Fiorentina Hillclimb Race cancelled[11]
Autodromo del Mugello Race
17 OctoberParma–Turin Autodromo di Varano Race
Autodromo di Casale Race
Sources:[7][8]
Podium finishers[8]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Italy}} Pianta|{{flagicon|Italy}} Scabini}}Italy}} Abarth
{{flagicon|Italy}} Abarth SE 031		Gr. 5 1 h 24 m 09.9 s
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Coggiola|{{flagicon|Italy}} Pilone}}Italy}} Scuderia Nord Ovest
{{flagicon|Germany}} Porsche 911 Carrera RSR		Gr. 4 1 h 24 m 20.9 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Bocconi|{{flagicon|Italy}} Lovato}}Italy}} Scuderia Nettuno
{{flagicon|Germany}} Porsche 3000		Gr. 3 1 h 25 m 57.6 s

1976

The 4º Giro d'Italia automobilistico took place between 17 and 20 October.

The race was part of the Italian Group 4 Championship, Italian Group 5 Championship. A one-make "Trofeo Alfasud" was disputed by 15 Alfa Romeo Alfasud in separate races.

Amongst the notable entrants there were two Lancia-Marlboro Stratos Turbo of Facetti/Sodano and Pinto/Bernacchini, with the "silhouette" body allowed by the newly enacted Special production cars Group 5 rules. Despite looking almost identical, the two cars were very different; Pinto's Stratos used the previous year's carburetted engine, while Facetti's one had an all-new fuel injected and intercooled engine developing about 100 PS more.[9] Fiat sought to replicate its past year's success by entrusting Pinto another prototype 131, this time an unassuming Gr. 4 131 Rally made into a Group 5 car enlarging to 2.1-litre.

Other Group 5 "silhouette" cars were Merzario's Ford Escort, Finotto's BMW-Schnitzer 2002 Turbo and Mannini's Fiat X1/9-based Dallara Icsunonove.

Facetti won with

DayLegCircuit or routeEvent
17 OctoberTurin–Monza Cesana–Sestriere Hillclimb
Autodromo di Casale Race
Autodromo di Monza Race
18 OctoberMonza–Misano Autodromo di Imola Race
Autodromo di Misano Race
18 OctoberMisano–Parma S. Stefano–Passo dello Spino Hillclimb
Autodromo del Mugello Race
20 October Parma–Turin Autodromo di Varano Race
Sources:[10][11]
Podium finishers[11]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Italy}} Facetti|{{flagicon|Italy}} Sodano}}Italy}}Lancia-Marlboro
{{flagicon|Italy}} Lancia Stratos Turbo "Silhouette"		Gr. 5 2 h 51 m 10.0 s
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Bernabei|{{flagicon|Italy}} Borgia}}{{flagicon>Germany}} Porsche 911 RSR 2 h 57 m 48.1 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Pittoni|{{flagicon|Italy}} Baresi}}{{flagicon>Germany}} Porsche 911 Turbo 3 h 01 m 30.6 s

1977

The 5º Giro d'Italia automobilistico took place between 12 and 16 October.

Podium finishers
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Italy}} «Vittorio C.»|{{flagicon|Italy}} Monticone}}Italy}} «Victor»
{{flagicon|Germany}} Porsche 935		Gr. 5
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Bianco|{{flagicon|Italy}} «Tambauto»}}{{flagicon>Germany}} Porsche 934Gr. 4
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Pietromarchi|{{flagicon|Italy}} Naddeo}}{{flagicon>Italy}} De Tomaso PanteraGr. 5

1978

The 6º Giro d'Italia automobilistico took place between 13 and 18 October.

It was one of ten non-World Rally Championship races that counted for the FIA Cup for Rally Drivers. The race was also part of the Italian Group 4 Championship, Italian Group 5 Championship and the one-make "Trofeo Autobianchi A112 Abarth".

Winners were Alén/Pianta/Kivimäki on a works Lancia Stratos; Pianta drove on the track, while the Alén/Kivimäki rally duo tackled the road stages. The car was a modified Group 4 rally car, classed in Group 5 as it was fitted with the 24-valve engine and other components which had lost their FIA homologation that year.

Markku Alén went on to win the FIA Cup for Rally Drivers, also thanks to points scored in the Giro.

DayLegCircuit or routeEvent
14 OctoberTurin–Imola Autodromo di Monza Race
Autodromo di Varano Race
15 OctoberImola–Magione Autodromo Dino Ferrari Race
Autodromo di Misano Race
16 OctoberMagione–Rieti Rieti–Terminillo Hillclimb
Autodromo di Vallelunga Race
17 OctoberRieti–Il Ciocco S. Giorgio–Colonnetta Hillclimb
Autodromo di Magione Race
S. Stefano–Passo dello Spino Hillclimb
18 October Il Ciocco–Turin Ronde del Ciocco Eight special stages
Podium finishers[6]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Finland}} Alén|{{flagicon|Italy}} Pianta|{{flagicon|Finland}} Kivimäki}}{{flagicon>Italy}} Lancia StratosGr. 5
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Facetti|{{flagicon|Italy}} Finotto|{{flagicon|Italy}} De Antoni}}{{flagicon>Germany}} Porsche 935Gr. 5
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Magnani|{{flagicon|Italy}} Pittoni|{{flagicon|Italy}} Cresto}}{{flagicon>Italy}} Lancia StratosGr. 4

1979

The two Lancias and other entrants were disqualified, and the first prize went to third-arrived Moretti, Schön and Radaelli privateer trio.

Podium finishers[6]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
DQ{{flagicon|CAN}} Villeneuve
{{flagicon|Germany}} Röhrl|{{flagicon|Germany}} Geistdörfer}}		Italy}} Lancia
{{flagicon|Italy}} Lancia Montecarlo Turbo		Gr. 5 3 h 49 m 46.5 s
DQ{{flagicon|Italy}} Patrese|{{flagicon|Finland}} Alén|{{flagicon|Finland}} Kivimäki}}Italy}} Lancia-Alitalia
{{flagicon|Italy}} Lancia Montecarlo Turbo		Gr. 5 3 h 50 m 22.3 s
1{{flagicon|Italy}} Moretti
{{flagicon|Italy}} Schön|{{flagicon|Italy}} Radaelli}}		{{flagicon>Germany}} Porsche 935 TTGr. 5 3 h 56 m 34.9 s
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Bettega
{{flagicon|Italy}} De Vito|{{flagicon|Italy}} Perissinot}}		Italy}} Fiat-Alitalia
{{flagicon|Italy}} Fiat Ritmo 75 Abarth		Gr. 2 4 h 7 m 6.3 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Carello
{{flagicon|Italy}} De Cesaris|{{flagicon|Italy}} Meiohas}}		{{flagicon>Italy}} Lancia StratosGr. 4 4 h 7 m 44.5 s

1980

Podium finishers[6]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Italy}} Patrese|{{flagicon|Finland}} Alén|{{flagicon|Finland}} Kivimäki}}{{flagicon>Italy}} Lancia Montecarlo TurboGr. 5 4 h 25 m 47.1 s
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Alboreto|{{flagicon|Italy}} Bettega|{{flagicon|Italy}} Bernacchini}}{{flagicon>Italy}} Lancia Montecarlo TurboGr. 5 4 h 40 m 7.6 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Pantaleoni|{{flagicon|Italy}} Meloni|{{flagicon|Italy}} Tedeschini}}{{flagicon>Germany}} Porsche 911 SCGr. 5 4 h 43 m 25.2 s

1988

The 9º Giro d'Italia automobilistico took place between 16 and 20 November 1988.

DayLegCircuit or routeEvent
16-17 NovemberTurin–Reggio Emilia Bollengo Special stage
Alba Special stage
Varzi Special stage
Autodromo di Varano Race
Berceto Special stage
Ciano d'Enza Special stage
18 NovemberReggio Emilia–Misano Adriatico Prignano Special stage
Zocca Special stage
Zattaglia Special stage
Autodromo di Misano Race
19 NovemberMisano Adriatico–Parma Autodromo di Misano Race
Vergato Special stage
Castagneto Special stage
Carpineti Special stage
20 NovemberParma–Monza Autodromo di Monza Race
Milan trade fair Super s. s.
Source:
Podium finishers[12]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Italy}} Patrese|{{flagicon|Italy}} Biasion|{{flagicon|Italy}} Siviero}}Italy}} Alfa Romeo
{{flagicon|Italy}} Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo IMSA		IMSA2 h 43 m 22 s}}
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Larini|{{flagicon|Italy}} Cerrato|{{flagicon|Italy}} Cerri}}Italy}} Alfa Romeo
{{flagicon|Italy}} Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo IMSA		IMSA 2 h 43 m 46 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Nannini|{{flagicon|France}} Loubet|{{flagicon|France}} Andrié}}Italy}} Alfa Romeo
{{flagicon|Italy}} Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo IMSA		IMSA 2 h 44 m 13 s

1989

The 10º Giro d'Italia automobilistico took place between 14 and 19 November 1989.[13]

A poker of Alfa Romeo 75 IMSA took the top positions; the third classified D'Amore/Noberasco/Cianci were privateers.[14]

DayLegCircuit or routeEvent
14-15 NovemberTurin–Castelnuovo Garfagnana Lingotto Super s. s.
Alba Special stage
Canelli Special stage
Varzi Special stage
Autodromo di Varano Race
Berceto Special stage
Ciocco Special stage
16 NovemberCastelnuovo Garfagnana–Rome Ciocco Special stage
Poggibonsi Special stage
Campiglia d'Orcia Special stage
Autodromo di Vallelunga Race
17 NovemberRome–Misano Adriatico Fiano Romano Special stage
Deruta Special stage
San Giustino Special stage
Autodromo di Misano Race
18 NovemberMisano Adriatico–Reggio Emilia Autodromo di Misano Race
Palazzuolo sul Senio Special stage
Vergato Special stage
Carpineto Special stage
19 November Reggio Emilia–Monza Autodromo di Monza Race
Source:
Podium finishers[14]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Italy}} Francia|{{flagicon|Italy}} Cerrato|{{flagicon|Italy}} Cerri}}Italy}} Alfa Romeo
{{flagicon|Italy}} Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo IMSA		IMSA2 h 53 m 03 s}}
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Larini|{{flagicon|Italy}} Biasion|{{flagicon|Italy}} Siviero}}Italy}} Alfa Romeo
{{flagicon|Italy}} Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo IMSA		IMSA 2 h 53 m 23 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} D'Amore|{{flagicon|Italy}} Noberasco|{{flagicon|Italy}} Cianci}}{{flagicon>Italy}} Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo 2 h 54 m 53 s

2011

DayLegCircuit or routeEvent
26 OctoberTurin–Monza Bielmonte Special stage
Pray–Curino Special stage
Mottarone Special stage
27 OctoberMonza–Franciacorta Autodromo di Monza Race
Val Taleggio Special stage
Colli San Fermo Special stage
28 OctoberFranciacorta–Imola Autodromo di Franciacorta Race
Castelli di Canossa Special stage
Trinità Special stage
Autodromo di Modena SPS
29 OctoberImola–Arezzo Autodromo di Imola Race
Monte Faggiola Special stage
Autodromo del Mugello Race
Talla Special stage
30 OctoberArezzo–Vallelunga Magione SPS
Prodo–Colonnetta Special stage
Autodromo di Vallelunga Race
Source:[15]
Podium finishers[16]
RankDriversTeam
Car		ClassTime
1{{flagicon|Italy}} Pitorri|{{flagicon|Italy}} Gagliardini|{{flagicon|Italy}} Bernardini}}Italy}} Star Cars
{{flagicon|Italy}} Porsche Cayman S CSAI GT4		GTT 3 h 9 m 8.327 s
2{{flagicon|Italy}} Forato|{{flagicon|Italy}} Bianco|{{flagicon|Italy}} Gasparotto}}Italy}} Rubicone Corse
{{flagicon|Italy}} Lamborghini Gallardo		GT 3 h 10 m 32.053 s
3{{flagicon|Italy}} Vallini|{{flagicon|Italy}} Fraschia|{{flagicon|Italy}} Fraschia}}Italy}} PCR Sport
{{flagicon|Italy}} SEAT León Supercopa		T 3h 13 m 41.472 s

Overall winners

YearDriver(s) and co-driverCar
1901{{flagicon|Italy}} Felice Nazzaro}} Fiat 8 HP
1902–1972: not held
1973[17][18]{{flagicon|Italy}} Mario Casoni|{{flagicon|Italy}} Raffaele Minganti}} De Tomaso Pantera
1974[17][19]{{flagicon|France}} Jean-Claude Andruet|{{flagicon|France}} Michèle Petit «Biche»}} Lancia Stratos Turbo
1975[17][20]{{flagicon|Italy}} Giorgio Pianta|{{flagicon|Italy}} Bruno Scabini}} Abarth SE 031
1976[17][21]{{flagicon|Italy}} Carlo Facetti|{{flagicon|Italy}} Piero Sodano}} Lancia Stratos Turbo
1977[17][22]{{flagicon|Italy}} «Vittorio C.»|{{flagicon|Italy}} Piero Monticone}} Porsche 935
1978[17][23]{{flagicon|Finland}} Markku Alén|{{flagicon|Italy}} Giorgio Pianta|{{flagicon|Finland}} Ilkka Kivimäki}} Lancia Stratos
1979[17][24]{{flagicon|Italy}} Gianpiero Moretti|{{flagicon|Italy}} Giorgio Schön|{{flagicon|Italy}} Emilio Radaelli}} Porsche 935 TT
1980[17][25]{{flagicon|Italy}} Riccardo Patrese|{{flagicon|Finland}} Markku Alén|{{flagicon|Finland}} Ilkka Kivimäki}} Lancia Montecarlo Turbo
1981–1987: not held
1988[17]{{flagicon|Italy}} Riccardo Patrese|{{flagicon|Italy}} Miki Biasion|{{flagicon|Italy}} Tiziano Siviero}} Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo IMSA
1989[17]{{flagicon|Italy}} Giorgio Francia|{{flagicon|Italy}} Dario Cerrato|{{flagicon|Italy}} Giuseppe Cerri}} Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo IMSA
1990–2010: not held
2011{{flagicon|Italy}} Maurizio Pitorri|{{flagicon|Italy}} Andrea Gagliardini|{{flagicon|Italy}} Mara Bernardini}} Porsche Cayman S GT4
2012–present: not held

See also

  • Tour de France Automobile

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.museoauto.it/website/images/stories/articoli/corse/giro_italia_1901.pdf |title=Giro d'Italia 1901 |first=Donatella |last=Biffignandi |website=www.museoauto.it |publisher=Centro di Documentazione del Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile |language=Italian |format=pdf |date=2001 |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
2. ^{{cite journal |title=Dal Tour al Giro |trans-title=After the Tour, the Giro |magazine=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |language=it |date=1 October 1973 |volume=XIII |issue=40 |pages=16-17}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite journal |title=Le cifre del Giro |trans-title=Giro, the numbers |magazine=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |language=it |date=29 October 1973 |volume=XIII |issue=44 |pages=26-27}}
4. ^{{cite journal |title=Tutto il Giro pilota per pilota |trans-title=All the Giro driver by driver |magazine=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |date=29 October 1974 |volume=XIV |issue=43 |pages=22-23 |language=it}}
5. ^{{cite journal |title=Giro eccoci! |trans-title=Giro here we come! |magazine=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |date=18 October 1974 |volume=XIV |issue=42 |language=it}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |title=La vittoria «tagliata» di Andruet |trans-title=Andruet's «cut across» victory |magazine=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |date=22 October 1974 |volume=XIV |issue=43 |pages=25-29 |language=it}}
7. ^1 {{cite journal |title=La cascata delle Stratos |trans-title=Stratosses' fall |work=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |language=it |date=1975 |number=42 |pages=23-25}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite journal |work=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |language=it |date=1975 |number=43 |pages=19-27}}
9. ^{{cite journal |title=100 cavalli in meno la Stratos di Pinto |work=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |language=it |date=1 October 1973 |number=41 |page=42}}
10. ^{{cite journal |title= |trans-title= |work=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |language=it |date=1976 |number=42 |pages=}}
11. ^1 {{cite journal |title= |trans-title= |work=Autosprint |publisher=Conti Editore |location=Bologna |language=it |date=1976 |number=43 |pages=45–50}}
12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,19/articleid,0966_02_1988_0297_0019_25017448/ |title=Biasion e Patrese, che coppia |newspaper=Stampa Sera |date=21 November 1988 |page=15 |accessdate=13 February 2015}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,34/articleid,0008_08_1989_0109_0034_25042127/ |title=Sabato la prima prova Martedì dal Lingotto il Giro |newspaper=Stampa Sera |date=20 November 1989 |page=15 |accessdate=13 February 2015}}
14. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,15/articleid,0950_02_1989_0309_0043_25034706/ |title=Primi Francia-Cerrato poi altre quattro «75» |newspaper=Torino Sette |date=10 November 1989 |page=34 |accessdate=13 February 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.giroditaliaauto.com/html/uploadedFiles/docs/TDT%20RB2%20vers%2003%20ott%20GI11.pdf |title=Programma 2011 |publisher=giroditaliaauto.com |format=PDF |accessdate=14 February 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.giroditaliaauto.com/html/uploadedFiles/docs/19_Classifica%20Finale%20Assoluta.pdf |title=Classifica Finale Ufficiale |publisher=giroditaliaauto.com |format=PDF |accessdate=14 February 2015}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |url=http://www.giroditaliaauto.com/html/uploadedFiles/docs/Albo%20d%27Oro.pdf |title=Albo d'Oro |website=giroditaliaauto.com |format=pdf |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Giro_d_Italia-1973-10-28.html |title=Giro d'Italia 1973 |website=racingsportscars.com |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Giro_d_Italia-1974-10-15.html |title=Giro d'Italia 1974 |website=racingsportscars.com |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Giro_d_Italia-1975-10-17.html |title=Giro d'Italia 1975 |website=racingsportscars.com |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Giro_d_Italia-1976-10-21.html |title=Giro d'Italia 1976 |website=racingsportscars.com |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Giro_d_Italia-1977-06-16.html |title=Giro d'Italia 1977 |website=racingsportscars.com |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Giro_d_Italia-1978-10-18.html |title=Giro d'Italia 1978 |website=racingsportscars.com |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Giro_d_Italia-1979-10-25.html |title=Giro d'Italia 1979 |website=racingsportscars.com |accessdate=15 December 2014}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Giro_d_Italia-1980-11-06.html |title=Giro d'Italia 1980 |website=racingsportscars.com |accessdate=15 December 2014}}

3 : Sports car races|Auto races in Italy|Historic motorsport events
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开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

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