| 词条 | Glen Brook |
| 释义 |
| name = Glen Brook | image = Glen Brook.JPG | image_caption = Glen Brook looking downstream | source1_location = Lee Mountain in Salem Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania | mouth_location = East Branch Briar Creek in Briar Creek Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|41.06686|-76.25468|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = East Branch Briar Creek → Briar Creek → Susquehanna River → Chesapeake Bay | name_etymology = the fact that it flows through a glen | length = {{convert|4.7|mi|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|960|ft|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|541|ft|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|4.915|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=out}} (median) | basin_size = {{convert|4.96|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} }} Glen Brook is a tributary of East Branch Briar Creek in Luzerne County and Columbia County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately {{convert|4.7|mi|km}} long and flows through Salem Township in Luzerne County and Briar Creek Township and Berwick in Columbia County.[1] Its watershed has an area of {{convert|4.96|sqmi|km2}}. A number of dams and reservoirs have been built on the creek and two major bridges cross it. The stream lies over mudstone, siltstone, limestone, sandstone, and shale. Glen Brook is slightly alkaline, with a median pH of 7.37. The median water temperature of the stream is {{convert|55.04|F|C}}. It is inhabited by trout and is considered to be Class A Wild Trout Waters. CourseGlen Brook begins on the southern side of Lee Mountain in Salem Township, Luzerne County. It flows east-southeast for a short distance before turning southwest and flowing into a valley. After approximately a mile, it enters Briar Creek Township, Columbia County and receives an unnamed tributary. It then turns south-southeast for several tenths of a mile, passing the Glen Brook Number Four Dam. Near the border between Columbia County and Luzerne County, the stream turns southwest and flows into Foundryville, where it makes a sharp turn east and then west, entering Berwick. In Berwick, it turns west-northwest and then southwest, roughly following the northern border of the borough. After several tenths of a mile, the stream leaves Berwick and returns to Briar Creek Township. A short distance later, it reaches its confluence with East Branch Briar Creek.[1] Glen Brook joins East Branch Briar Creek {{convert|2.24|mi|km}} upstream of its mouth.[2] HydrologyThe discharge of Glen Brook ranges from 0.58 to 60.2 cubic feet per second. The median discharge is 4.915 cubic feet per second. The water temperature of the stream ranges from {{convert|34.88|F|C}} to {{convert|72.14|F|C}}. The median water temperature is {{convert|55.04|F|C}}. The electric conductance of the stream's waters ranges from 68 to 266 milli-siemens, with a median of 96 milli-siemens.[3] The minimum pH of Glen Brook is 7.06 and the median pH is 7.37. The maximum pH is 7.79. The concentration of total dissolved solids in the stream ranges from 35 to 145 parts per million, with a median of 49 parts per million.[3] The concentration of alkalinity in the waters of the stream is 16 milligrams per liter.[4] In a visual assessment by the Briar Creek Association for Watershed Solutions, Cabin Run was given a score of 7.0 on a scale of 1 to 10. It scored best (10 on a scale of 1 to 10) on fish barriers and canopy coverage and it scored worst (3 on a scale of 1 to 10) for streambank stability and riparian buffering. Of ten sites in the Briar Creek watershed, this location has a priority rank of 6.[3] Glen Brook sometimes has high levels of lead and nitrates.[3] Geography and geologyThe elevation near the mouth of Glen Brook is {{convert|541|ft|m}} above sea level.[5] The elevation of the source is just under {{convert|960|ft|m}} above sea level.[1] The mouth of Glen Brook and the land in its vicinity lies over limestone. The rest of the lower reaches of the watershed are over shale. The middle portion and most of the upper portion are on siltstone. Most of the rest of the watershed's upper reaches lie over mudstone. Its uppermost reaches, however, lie on sandstone.[3] Soils in the watershed of Glen Brook include the Chenango Series, which is a well-drained and highly acidic silt loam that is found in the stream's lower reaches. A number of other soils are also found in the watershed.[3]WatershedThe watershed of Glen Brook has an area of {{convert|4.96|sqmi|km2}}.[2] The watershed is the easternmost sub-watershed of the watershed of Briar Creek.[3] At least two dams are on Glen Brook. These are known as the Glen Brook Number One Dam and the Glen Brook Number Four Dam.[15] A number of bridges cross Glen Brook. One of these is a concrete slab bridge at the Glen Brook Reservoir. It was built in 1937 and is {{convert|21.0|ft|m}} long. A bridge carrying State Route 1029 was built over the stream {{convert|1|mi|km}} north of Berwick in 1989. This bridge is {{convert|41.0|ft|m}} long.[6] History and etymologyA reservoir was constructed on Glen Brook in 1890.[7] In the early 1900s, the stream supplied water for the Briar Creek Township, the boroughs of Berwick and Nescopeck, and the village of North Berwick via the Berwick Water Company.[8] It was one of three streams that the company used as a water supply.[19] In the early 1900s, there were two artificial reservoirs on Glen Brook {{convert|2|mi|km}} north of Berwick. A third one was under construction around this time.[9] Glen Brook is so-named because it flows through a glen.[10] BiologyTrout reproduce naturally on Glen Brook.[11] The stream is considered by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission to be Class A Wild Trout Waters for both brook trout and brown trout.[4]See also
References1. ^1 2 {{Citation |author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |title=The National Map Viewer |accessdate=August 13, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |archivedate=April 5, 2012 |df= }} 2. ^1 {{Citation|url = http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams|date = November 2, 2001|accessdate = August 13, 2014}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Citation|author = Briar Creek Association for Watershed Solutions, Columbia County Conservation District|url = http://www.coldwaterheritage.org/docs/2009-grantees/briar-creek-conservation-plan.pdf?sfvrsn=0|title = Briar Creek Watershed Coldwater Conservation Plan|date = December 12, 2012|accessdate = August 13, 2014}} 4. ^1 {{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission|url = http://fishandboat.com/classa.pdf|title = Class A Wild Trout Waters|page = 17|date = December 16, 2013|accessdate = January 16, 2015}} 5. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.topozone.com/states/Pennsylvania.asp?county=Columbia&feature=Stream |title=Topographic Map Stream Features in Columbia County, Pennsylvania |accessdate=August 13, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140728202405/http://www.topozone.com/states/Pennsylvania.asp?county=Columbia&feature=Stream |archivedate=July 28, 2014 |df= }} 6. ^{{Citation|url = http://uglybridges.com/pa/columbia|title = Columbia County|accessdate = August 13, 2014}} 7. ^{{Citation|author = J. H. Beers|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jEkVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=%22Glen+Brook%22+columbia+county+pa&source=bl&ots=_kBnBpl6fv&sig=EUf5lJtv99SnqRxsdHXrwe-Oavk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UO_rU6HSKtaeyASe_IKgCQ&ved=0CHIQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=%22Glen%20Brook%22&f=false|title = Historical and Biographical Annals of Columbia and Montour Counties, Pennsylvania|year = 1915|accessdate = August 13, 2014}} 8. ^{{citation|author = Pennsylvania Department of Health|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ly8iAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1505&lpg=PA1505&dq=%22Glen+Brook%22+columbia+county+pa&source=bl&ots=_1p_mVqtaC&sig=ywMUiKd6ANz-Yk2wH4RSQtcEHBo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=s_DrU9eeEaSLjAL9g4GwCA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwADge#v=onepage&q=%22Glen%20Brook%22_&f=false|title = Report|year = 1920|accessdate = August 13, 2014}} 9. ^1 {{Citation|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zlBNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA800&lpg=PA800&dq=%22Glen+Brook%22+columbia+county+pa&source=bl&ots=CjxexNw4BC&sig=5vLvTQ40Ljtuln-iDOi3C6dXPdY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=s_DrU9eeEaSLjAL9g4GwCA&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBjge#v=onepage&q=%22Glen%20Brook%22%20&f=false|title = Official Documents, Comprising the Department and Other Reports ..., Volume 8|year = 1911|accessdate = August 13, 2014}} 10. ^1 {{Citation|author = Walter M. Brasch|url = https://books.google.com/books?ei=vZvrU5KnAtHgsAS264Jw&id=0erXAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Cabin+Run%22+columbia+county+place+names&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Glen+Brook%22+columbia+county+place+names|title = Columbia County place names|year = 1982|accessdate = August 13, 2014}} 11. ^{{Citation|url = http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML0802/ML080220501.pdf|title = Comprehensive Plan Phase I: Background Studies|date = August 3, 1993|accessdate = August 13, 2014}} 4 : Rivers of Columbia County, Pennsylvania|Rivers of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Tributaries of the Susquehanna River|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
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