| 词条 | Global Entrepreneurship Monitor |
| 释义 |
}} The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research project is an annual assessment of the national level of entrepreneurial activity in multiple, diverse countries. Based in London, England, GEM is now the largest ongoing study of entrepreneurial dynamics in the world. ContentsThe main indicator used is called TEA (Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity), which assess the percent of working age population both about to start an entrepreneurial activity, and that have started one from a maximum of 3 years and half.[1] GEM DataThe data[2] used for the GEM is collected from two large surveys, the Adult Population Survey (APS) and the National Expert Survey (NES). The APS surveys at least 2000* adults of each country covered by the GEM and covers the entrepreneurial aspirations of the country's population. The NES surveys a group of business and academic experts in each country with a broad range of specialties for concrete measures of country's institutional factors. Each year, the GEM assembles the survey of a minimum of 2000* adults and at least 36 experts from a country of interest[3] into an annual report. That report comes in a downloadable PDF format. In the 2014 report, 206,000 adults from around the world anonymously participated along with 3,936 national experts.[4] Each report published is different than the last but all annual reports include a section on the global perspective on entrepreneurship for the year. *depending on the population and the economic diversity of each country. The GEM ModelThe GEM data is used to produce a larger model connecting a series of Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions (EFC) to the TEA, entrepreneurial aspirations, technical progress, GDP growth, and other macro economics variables. The EFCs reflect institutional factors with theoretic connections to entrepreneurship and are produced using data from the NES. The original GEM model[5] was revised to reflect stages of development to generalize the model's explanation to all countries. The methodology in doing so was based on a paper by Michael E. Porter, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and John W. MacArthur[6] to reflect the differences in needed institutions at different points in a country's economic development. References1. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/q174u468257u355k/|title=Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data | doi=10.1007/s11187-005-2000-1 | volume=24|journal=Small Business Economics|pages=335–350}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gemconsortium.org/Data-Collection|title=GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor|work=GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Global Reports|url=http://www.gemconsortium.org/report}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=2014 GEM Report|url=http://www.gemconsortium.org/report|website=The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor|accessdate=8 December 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gemconsortium.org/Model|title=GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor|work=GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor}} 6. ^http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2002/WorldEconomicForum_2001-2002_GlobalCompetitivenessReport2001-2002_ExecutiveSummary.pdf External links
2 : Entrepreneurship organizations|Research projects |
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