| 词条 | Rhinatrematidae |
| 释义 |
| taxon = Rhinatrematidae | authority = Nussbaum, 1977 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =Epicrionops Rhinatrema | image = Epicrionops sp.jpg | image_caption = Epicrionops sp. }}Rhinatrematidae, the family of Neotropical tailed caecilians, American tailed caecilians or beaked caecilians, are found in the equatorial countries of South America.[1][2] They are usually regarded as the most basal of the caecilian families, with numerous characteristics lacking in the other groups. For example, they still possess tails, and their mouths are not recessed on the underside of their heads. They lay their eggs in cavities in the soil. The larvae have external gills, and live in seepage areas until they metamorphose. The adults live in moist soil and leaf litter.[3] TaxonomyThe 11 species in two genera are:
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Gymnophiona/Rhinatrematidae |title=Rhinatrematidae Nussbaum, 1977 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=29 May 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.amphibiaweb.org/lists/Rhinatrematidae.shtml |title=Rhinatrematidae |year=2014 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |accessdate=29 May 2014}} 3. ^{{cite book |editor=Cogger, H.G. |editor2=Zweifel, R.G.|author= Nussbaum, Ronald A.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 54–55|isbn= 978-0-12-178560-4}} 4. ^Gower et al. (2010) "A new species of Rhinatrema Duméril & Bibron (Amphibia: Gymnophiona:Rhinatrematidae) from Guyana" Further reading
| last = San Mauro | first = Diego | title = Phylogeny of caecilian amphibians (Gymnophiona) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear RAG1 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.014 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 33 | pages = 413–427 |date=November 2004 |author2=David J. Gower |author3=Oommen V. Oommen |author4=Mark Wilkinson |author5=Rafael Zardoya | pmid = 15336675 | issue = 2 }}
| last = San Mauro | first = Diego | title = Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea | journal = American Naturalist | volume = 165 | pages = 590–599 |date=May 2005 |author2=Miguel Vences |author3=Marina Alcobendas |author4=Rafael Zardoya |author5=Axel Meyer | issue = 5 | doi=10.1086/429523 | pmid=15795855 | url=https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/3880726/39160_170248y.pdf }}
| last = San Mauro | first = Diego | title = Experimental design in caecilian systematics: phylogenetic information of mitochondrial genomes and nuclear rag1 | url = http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/58/4/425 | journal = Systematic Biology | volume = 58 | pages = 425–438 |date=August 2009 |author2=David J. Gower |author3=Tim Massingham |author4=Mark Wilkinson |author5=Rafael Zardoya |author6=James A. Cotton | doi = 10.1093/sysbio/syp043 | pmid = 20525595 | issue = 4 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.577.2856{{Taxonbar|from=Q912940}} 2 : Amphibian families|Caecilians |
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