| 词条 | Ribes triste |
| 释义 |
| image = Bottomdollar99730 - Northern Red Currant.jpg | image2 = Ribes triste 6 (5098098380).jpg | genus = Ribes | species = triste | authority = Pall. 1797 not Turcz. 1837 | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms =
}}Ribes triste, known as the northern redcurrant,[2] swamp redcurrant, or wild redcurrant,[3] is an Asian and North American shrub in the gooseberry family. It is widespread across Canada and the northern United States, as well as in eastern Asia (Russia, China, Korea, Japan).[4][5]Ribes triste grows in wet rocky woods, swamps, and cliffs. It grows to {{cvt|50|cm|in|0}} tall, with a lax, often creeping branches. The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed with five lobes, {{cvt|6|–|10|cm|in|frac=4}} in diameter. The flowers are in pendulous racemes, {{cvt|4|–|7|cm|in|frac=4}} long. The axis of the raceme is glandular. Each raceme bears 6-13 small, purplish flowers that appear in June and July. The fruit is a bright red berry, without the hairs that some currants have. The fruit is edible but rather sour.[6] Conservation status in the United StatesIt is listed as endangered in Connecticut[7] and Ohio, and as threatened in Pennsylvania.[8] As a weedRibes is listed a plant pest in Michigan and the planting of it in certain parts of the state is prohibited.[8]Native American ethnobotanyAs cuisineAlaska Natives use the fruit as food, eating it raw, and making the berries into jam and jellies.[9] Eskimos eat the berries[10] and the Inupiat eat them raw or cooked, mix them with other berries which are used to make a traditional dessert. They also mix the berries with rosehips and highbush cranberries and boil them into a syrup.[11] The Iroquois mash the fruit, make them into small cakes, and store them for future use. They later soak the fruit cakes in warm water and cooked them a sauce or mixed them with corn bread. They also sun dry or fire dry the raw or cooked fruit for future use and take the dried fruit with them as a hunting food.[12] The Ojibwe eat the berries raw, and also preserve them by cooking them, spreading them on birch bark into little cakes, which are dried and stored for winter use.{{sfn|Densmore|1928|page=321}} In the winter, they often eat the berries with cooked with sweet corn. They also use the berries to make jams and preserves.{{sfn|Smith|1932|p=410}} The Upper Tanana eat the berries as food.{{sfn|Kari|1985|p=11}} Medicinal useThe Ojibwe take a decoction of the root and stalk for 'gravel',{{sfn|Densmore|1928|p=348}} and take a compound decoction of the stalk for 'stoppage of periods',{{sfn|Densmore|1928|p=358}} and use them leaves as a 'female remedy'.{{sfn|Smith|1932|p=389}} The Upper Tanana use a decoction of the stems, without the bark, as a wash for sore eyes.{{sfn|Kari|1985|p=11}} References{{commons category}}1. ^{{ThePlantList |id=tro-29100053 |taxon=Ribes triste}} 2. ^{{FEIS |genus=Ribes |species=triste |type=shrub |last=Ulev |first=Elena D. |date=2006}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/ph_spp_intro.pl?speciesid=1004269%20planthardiness.gc.ca |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |website=Canada's Plant Hardiness Site |title=Ribes triste Pall., swamp red currant, wild red currant}} 4. ^{{BONAP |genus=Ribes |species=triste |state=1 |date=2014}} 5. ^{{eFloras|2|200010196|Ribes triste |family=Saxifragaceae |last1=Lu |first1=Lingdi |first2=Crinan |last2=Alexander}} 6. ^{{eFloras|1|200010196|Ribes triste |family=Grossulariaceae |first=Nancy R. |last=Morin}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ct.gov/deep/lib/deep/wildlife/pdf_files/nongame/ets15.pdf |title=Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015 |publisher=State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources |access-date=19 January 2018}} (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.) 8. ^1 {{PLANTS |symbol=RITR |taxon=Ribes triste |access-date=24 January 2018 }} 9. ^{{cite book |last=Heller |first=Christine A. |date=1953 |title=Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska |publisher=University of Alaska |page=87}} 10. ^{{cite journal |last=Anderson |first=J. P. |date=1939 |title=Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=26 |page=715}} 11. ^{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Anore |date=1983 |title=Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat |place=Kotzebue, Alaska |publisher=Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program |page=105}} 12. ^{{cite book |last=Waugh |first=F. W. |date=1916 |title=Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation |place=Ottawa |publisher=Canada Department of Mines |page=128}} Bibliography
8 : Ribes|Flora of North America|Flora of East Asia|Plants used in traditional Native American medicine|Bird food plants|Plants described in 1797|Berries|Plants used in Native American cuisine |
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