词条 | Ricardo Sanchez | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|name = Ricardo S. Sánchez |image = Ricardo Sanchez2.jpg |caption=Sanchez in October 2004 |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|9|9}} |birth_place = Rio Grande City, Texas, U.S. |allegiance={{flag|United States of America|size=23px}} |branch={{army|United States|size=23px}} |serviceyears = 1973–2006 |rank= Lieutenant General |commands = 2nd Battalion, 69th Armor, 197th Infantry Brigade 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division 1st Armored Division Multi-National Force – Iraq V Corps |battles =Persian Gulf War Iraq War |awards =Defense Distinguished Service Medal Army Distinguished Service Medal Defense Superior Service Medal Legion of Merit Bronze Star }} Ricardo Sánchez (born September 9, 1953) is a former lieutenant general in the United States Army. his career was most notable for his service as commander of Multi-National Force – Iraq and V Corps. Early life and educationSánchez was born into a poor Mexican American family in Rio Grande City, Texas. During the Vietnam War (1965–73), Sánchez was in college. He spent one year at the University of Texas at Austin on an ROTC scholarship, eventually transferring to Texas A&M University-Kingsville, where he graduated in 1973 with a double major in mathematics and history. Sánchez was named a Distinguished Military Graduate (DMG), meaning he was in the top 20% of all ROTC cadets in the nation. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. CareerSánchez became a platoon leader in the 82nd Airborne Division, stationed at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. By 1977, he had transferred from the infantry to armor. He received promotions regularly and was stationed at posts in the United States, South Korea, Panama and Germany. In 1991, then Lieutenant Colonel Sánchez served as a battalion commander during Operation Desert Storm, successfully leading his unit of the 197th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) to Basra without suffering any casualties. Shortly after the Gulf War, Sánchez was promoted to Colonel and given command of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Infantry Division. Afterwards, he served on the staff of U.S. Southern Command, first as deputy chief of staff then as director of operations. On July 10, 2001, by then a general, Sánchez became commander of 1st Armored Division V Corps. He held that position for nearly two years before assuming command of the entire corps on June 14, 2003. On this date he also became commander of Combined Joint Task Force 7, the coalition ground forces in the U.S.-led occupation of Iraq. Much of Sánchez's time commanding 1st Armored Division had been as a brigadier general. Commander of Coalition Ground Forces in IraqJune 2003 to June 2004Sánchez held the top military position in Iraq during what was arguably one of the most critical periods of the war—the year after the fall of the Hussein regime, and the time the insurgency took root and began its counterattack. Highlights during his tenure as commander in Iraq include the killing of Uday and Qusay Hussein, and the capture of Saddam Hussein. He was in command when the abuse of prisoners occurred most notably at Abu Ghraib prison. Some have been highly critical of the U.S. military's failure to hold senior officers accountable, as blame for abuses at Abu Ghraib and other detention centers was placed only on a few individuals of the lowest rank. Sánchez was succeeded as commander of coalition ground forces in Iraq by a four-star general: former Army Vice Chief of Staff George Casey. This changeover was part of a larger split in responsibilities as Sánchez's former command, Combined Joint Task Force 7 under a three-star general, was superseded by Multi-National Force Iraq under a four-star general. Disunity in leadershipL. Paul Bremer was the leader of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq. As the appointed authority, Bremer wanted national elections to take place only after the creation of a constitution that included basic principles about the election process. This led to the delay of the elections, which led to serious problems. It was during this time that the power vacuum within Baghdad was being filled by a Shi'a cleric, a factor that Bremer failed to take into account. Insurgency among Sunni civilians first became a problem when American troops first became a presence on Iraqi soil. This insurgency led to Bremer kicking all the Sunni Ba'thists out the Iraqi administration and the disbandment of the Iraqi army, which only prompted a harsh response from the American troops. This was a very poor decision on Bremer's part, according to Sánchez, who viewed the insurgency as mostly provoked by Bremer. He is quoted as saying, When you take a father in front of his family and put a bag over his head and put him on the ground, you have a significant adverse effect on his dignity and respect in the eyes of his family.[1] There was almost a complete failure to communicate between Bremer, the top civilian, and Sánchez, the military leader. According to journalist Thomas Ricks: "It was very clear they hated each other. They lived in the same palace and didn't talk to each other." This disunity in leadership has been cited as one of the major failures of the first year of the Iraq War.[2] Abu Ghraib scandalSánchez was commander of coalition forces during a period when abuse of prisoners occurred at Abu Ghraib and at other locations. In a memo signed by General Sánchez and later acquired by the ACLU through a Freedom of Information Act request, techniques were authorized to interrogate prisoners, included "environmental manipulation" such as making a room hot or cold or using an "unpleasant smell", isolating a prisoner, disrupting normal sleep patterns and "convincing the detainee that individuals from a country other than the United States are interrogating him."[3] On May 5, 2006, Sánchez denied ever authorizing interrogators to "go to the outer limits". Sánchez said he had told interrogators: "...we should be conducting our interrogations to the limits of our authority." Sanchez called the ACLU: "...a bunch of sensationalist liars, I mean lawyers, that will distort any and all information that they get to draw attention to their positions."[4] Military career after IraqIn June 2004, Sánchez relinquished command of the Multi-National Force Iraq (MNF-I) to General George Casey, Vice Chief of Staff of the Army. Sánchez returned to Germany where he continued as Commanding General, V Corps. He was briefly considered for promotion to four-star rank with assignment as Commander, Southern Command; nomination would have required Senate confirmation, which would have been contentious due to the Abu Ghraib scandal. He was not nominated; the position went to General Bantz Craddock. On September 6, 2006, Sánchez relinquished command of V Corps in a ceremony at Campbell Barracks, Heidelberg, Germany. Sánchez had commanded the corps for more than 3 years; longer than any previous commander in the unit's history. In deference to Sánchez' longevity, he relinquished command to General David McKiernan, Commanding General, US Army Europe and Seventh Army, his higher commander, instead of to a successor. Sánchez retired on November 1, 2006, culminating 33 years of Army service. Sánchez now lives in his home state of Texas. 2012 U.S. Senate campaignHaving previously entered the race, Ricardo Sánchez announced on December 16, 2011 that he would not run as a candidate in the Democratic Party primary for Texas' open U.S. Senate seat in 2012.[5] In a statement to his followers Sanchez stated: I am very grateful for the strong support and encouragement I have received from supporters across the country and the wonderful Texans I have met in every part of our great state. However, pressing personal challenges, coupled with the recent loss of our home due to fire and lagging fundraising numbers make a statewide election campaign impractical for me at this time. Criticism of the media and political leadershipSpeaking to a group of military reporters and editors in Washington, D.C. on October 12, 2007,[6] Sanchez lambasted the media for "sensationalist" coverage and "self-aggrandizement" and expressing the belief that reporters were willing to "compromise [their] integrity" and "display questionable ethics" to get front page stories: The death knell of your ethics has been enabled by your parent organizations who have chosen to align themselves with political agendas. What is clear to me is that you are perpetuating the corrosive partisan politics that is destroying our country and killing our servicemen who are at war. Sánchez went on to criticize the partisanship that has characterized America's political leadership on Iraq:[7] There has been a glaring, unfortunate, display of incompetent strategic leadership within our national leaders. As a Japanese proverb says, "Action without vision is a nightmare." There is no question that America is living a nightmare with no end in sight. Sánchez has become the most senior retired general to criticize American political leadership of the war.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Military awardsAmong Ricardo Sánchez military awards and decorations are the following: Decorations and medals
BadgeMaster Parachutist Badge BibliographyOn May 6, 2008 HarperCollins Publishers released Wiser in Battle: A Soldier's Story, a memoir by General Sánchez and Donald T. Phillips.[9] On May 7, 2008 General Sánchez was interviewed by Fresh Air host Terry Gross on NPR where he discussed the Iraq war, his life and book.[10] See also{{Portal bar|United States Army}}References1. ^Cleveland, William L., and Martin P. Bunton. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder: Westview, 2013. 513. Print. 2. ^Quoted in Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, by Thomas E. Ricks, p. 324, New York: Penguin Press, 2006. {{ISBN|1-59420-103-X}} 3. ^US memo shows Iraq jail methods 4. ^defends his adherence to Geneva Conventions in Iraq, Macon Telegraph, May 5, 2006 5. ^NEWS FLASH: Ricardo Sanchez Drops Out of Senate Race 6. ^http://www.militaryreporters.org/sanchez_101207.html Prepared notes for Military Reporters and Editors address, Military Reporter, October 12, 2007 7. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/12/washington/12cnd-general.html Former Top General in Iraq Faults Bush Administration], New York Times, October 12, 2007 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/dhenninger/?id=110010748 |title=Gen. Sánchez's Scream |date=2007-10-18 |publisher=opinionjournal.com}} 9. ^Wiser in Battle: A Soldier's Story HarperCollins official site 10. ^[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90229404 Ricardo Sanchez: 'Wiser' in Hindsight on Iraq, Politics] External links{{Sisterlinks|s=no|v=no|b=no|wikt=no}}
| after = George W. Casey, Jr. | title = Commander Multinational Force Iraq | before = Tommy Franks | years = 2003–2004 }}{{Succession box | after = Fred D. Robinson Jr. | title = Commander V Corps (United States) | before = William S. Wallace | years = 2003–2006 }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanchez, Ricardo}} 16 : 1953 births|Living people|American army personnel of the Gulf War|United States Army generals|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|American army personnel of the Iraq War|Military leaders of the Iraq War|American people of Mexican descent|American Roman Catholics|Texas A&M University–Kingsville alumni|People from Rio Grande City, Texas|Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal|Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse|Texas Democrats|Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal|Catholics from Texas |
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