“Google Photos”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Google Photos is a photo sharing and storage service developed by Google. It was announced in May 2015 and spun out from Google+, the company's social network.

Google Photos gives users free, unlimited storage for photos up to 16 megapixels and videos up to 1080p resolution. The service automatically analyzes photos, identifying various visual features and subjects. Users can search for anything in photos, with the service returning results from three major categories: People, Places, and Things. Google Photos recognizes faces, grouping similar ones together (this feature is only available in certain countries due to privacy laws); geographic landmarks (such as the Eiffel Tower); and subject matter, including birthdays, buildings, animals, food, and more.

Different forms of machine learning in the Photos service allow recognition of photo contents, automatically generate albums, animate similar photos into quick videos, surface past memories at significant times, and improve the quality of photos and videos. In May 2017, Google announced several updates to Google Photos, including reminders for and suggested sharing of photos, shared photo libraries between two users, and physical albums, with Photos automatically suggesting collections based on face, location, trip, or other distinction.

Google photos acts as a back up when photos are sent or in Google terms 'Shared'. This is just a common backup tool when photos are shared between social media or other platforms or apps.

Google Photos received critical acclaim after its decoupling from Google+ in 2015. Reviewers liked the updated Photos service for its recognition technology, search, apps, and loading times. Nevertheless, privacy concerns were raised, including Google's motivation for building the service, as well as its relationship to governments and possible laws requiring Google to hand over a user's entire photo history. Google Photos has seen strong user adoption. It reached 100 million users after five months, 200 million after one year, and 500 million as of May 2017, with Google announcing that over 1.2 billion photos are uploaded to the service every day, with the grand total of all uploaded content measuring over 13.7 petabytes of storage. For comparison, at the end of 2017 the entire Internet Archive held almost 40 petabytes.^[1]

Features

The service has apps for the Android and iOS operating systems, and a website.^[2] Users back up their photos to the cloud service, which become accessible for all of their devices.^[3]

The Photos service analyzes and organizes images into groups and can identify features such as beaches, skylines, or "snowstorm in Toronto".^[2] From the application's search window, users are shown potential searches for groups of photos in three major categories: People, Places, and Things.^[3] The service analyzes photos for similar faces and groups them together in the People category.^[3] It can also track faces as they age.^[2] The Places category uses geotagging data but can also determine locations in older pictures by analyzing for major landmarks (e.g., photos containing the Eiffel Tower).^[3] The Things category processes photos for their subject matter: birthdays, buildings, cats, concerts, food, graduations, posters, screenshots, etc. Users can manually remove categorization errors.^[3]

Recipients of shared images can view web galleries without needing to download the app.^[2] Users can swipe their fingers across the screen to adjust the service's photo editing settings, as opposed to using sliders.^[11] Images can be easily shared with social networks (Google+, Facebook, Twitter) and other services. The application generates web links that both Google Photos users and non-users can access.^[3]

Storage

Google Photos has two storage settings: "High quality" and "Original quality". High quality includes unlimited photo and video storage for photos up to 16 megapixels and videos up to 1080p resolution (the maximum resolutions for average smartphone users in 2015).^[3] Original quality preserves the original resolution and quality of the photos and videos, but uses storage quantity in the users' Google account.^[2]

For the Google Pixel phones, Google Photos offers unlimited storage at Original quality for free.^[3] The storage is shared with Gmail and Google Drive, it's called Google One. Up to 15 gigabytes of storage is offered for free with paid plans available from Google One.^[4]

Updates

In December 2015, Google added shared albums to Google Photos. Users pool photos and videos into an album, and then share the album with other Google Photos users. The recipient "can join to add their own photos and videos, and also get notifications when new pics are added". Users can also save photos and videos from shared albums to add them to their own, private collection.^[5]^[6]^[7]

In June 2016, Google updated Photos to include automatically generated albums. After an event or trip, Photos will group the best photos together and suggest creating an album with them, alongside maps to show geographic travel and location pins for exact places. Users can also add text captions to describe photos.^[8]^[9] In October, Google announced multiple significant updates; Google Photos will now surface old memories with people identified in users' recent photos; it will occasionally highlight the best photos when a user has recently taken a lot of images of a specific subject; it will now make animations from videos as well as photos (photo animations have been present since the start), displaying the most memorable moments in videos; and it will now find all sideways photos and help the user easily flip them to normal orientation. For all of these features, Google touts machine learning does the work, with no user interaction required.^[10] In November, Google released a separate app - PhotoScan - for users to scan printed photos into the service. The app, released for iOS and Android, uses a scanning process in which users must center their camera over four dots that overlay the printed image, so that the software can combine the photographs for a high resolution digital image with fewest possible defects.^[11]^[12] Later that month, Google added a "Deep blue" slider feature that lets users change the color and saturation of skies, without degrading image quality or inadvertently changing colors of other objects or elements in photos.^[13]

In February 2017, Google updated the "Albums" tab on the Android app to include three separate sections; one for the phone's camera roll, with different views for sorting options (such as people or location); another for photos taken inside other apps; and a third for the actual photo albums.^[14]^[15] In March, Google added an automatic white balance feature to the service. The Android app and website were the first to receive the feature, with later rollout to the iOS app.^[16]^[17] Later in March, updates to the service enabled uploading of photos in a "lightweight preview" quality for immediate viewing on slow cellular networks before a higher-quality upload later while on faster Wi-Fi. The feature also extends to sharing photos, in which a low-resolution image will be sent before being updated with a higher-quality version.^[18]^[19] In April, Google added video stabilization. The feature creates a duplicate video to avoid overwriting the original clip.^[20]^[21]

In May 2017, Google announced several updates to Google Photos. "Suggested Sharing" reminds users to share captured photos after the fact, and also groups photos based on faces and suggests recipients based on facial recognition. "Shared Libraries" lets two users share a central repository for all photos or specific categories of images. "Photo Books" are physical collections of photos, offered either as softcover or hardcover albums, with Photos automatically suggesting collections based on face, location, trip, or other distinction.^[22]^[23]^[24] Towards the end of the month, Google introduced an "Archive" feature that lets users hide photos from the main timeline view without deleting them. Archived content still appears in relevant albums and in search.^[25]^[26] In June, the new sharing features announced in May began rolling out to users.^[27]^[28]

In December 2018, Google doubled the number of photos and videos users can store in a private Google Photos Live Album. The number increased from 10,000 to 20,000 photos, which is equivalent to the capacity for shared albums.^[29]

History

Google Photos is the standalone successor to the photo features previously embedded in Google+, the company's social network.^[30] Google launched the social network to compete with Facebook, but the service never became as popular and Facebook remained the Internet's preferred website for social networking and photo sharing. Google+, however, offered photo storage and organizational tools that surpassed Facebook's in power, though Google+ lacked the user base to use it.^[31] By leaving the social network affiliation, the Photos service changed its association from a sharing platform to a private library platform.^[3]

On February 12, 2016, Google announced that the Picasa desktop application would be discontinued on March 15, 2016, followed by the closure of the Picasa Web Albums service on May 1, 2016. Google stated that the primary reason for retiring Picasa was that it wanted to focus its efforts "entirely on a single photo service"; the cross-platform, web-based Google Photos.^[32]

Growth

In October 2015, five months after the launch of the service, Google announced that Google Photos had 100 million users, who had uploaded 3.72 petabytes of photos and videos.^[33]^[34]^[35]

In May 2016, one year after the release of Google Photos, Google announced the service had over 200 million monthly active users. Other statistics it revealed was at least 13.7 petabytes of photos/videos had been uploaded, 2 trillion labels had been applied (24 billion of those being selfies), and 1.6 billion animations, collages and effects had been created based on user content.^[36]

In May 2017, Google announced that Google Photos has over 500 million users,^[37] who upload over 1.2 billion photos every day.^[38]

Reception

At the May 2015 release of Google Photos, reviewers wrote that the service was among the best of its kind.^[3]^[53] Walt Mossberg of Recode declared the service the best in cloud photo storage, against its competition from Amazon (Amazon Drive), Apple (iCloud), Dropbox, and Microsoft (OneDrive).^[39] Jacob Kastrenakes of The Verge wrote that the release made Google a major competitor in the photo storage market,^[30] and that its pricing structure obsoleted the idea of paying for photo storage.^[31] Sarah Mitroff and Lynn La of CNET wrote that the service's phone and tablet apps were particularly good, and that Google Photos had a more streamlined design than Yahoo's Flickr and more organizing features than Apple's iCloud photo service.^[40]

Kastrenakes described the service's May 2015 release as evidence that Google was spinning out the "best features" of its Google+ social network. He stated that the Photos service was "always excellent", and liked that users would be able to use the service "without signing up for a new social network".^[30] Mossberg described the release as "liberation day" for the photos features that were "effectively hidden" in the "widely ignored social network".^[39] The service's strategy, as described by Josh Lowensohn of The Verge, was to put all data on Google's servers so that it can be accessed universally.^[31]

Mossberg liked the service's search function, writing that a search for "Massachusetts" "instantly brought up loads of photos of subjects".^[39] Lowensohn noted the service's speed and intelligence, especially in its ability to sort unorganized photos, as well as its photo loading times, search speeds, and simple photo editing tools.^[31] Kastrenakes compared the service's new image analysis to technology unveiled by Flickr earlier in the same month.^[30] Mossberg thought the face grouping feature was "remarkably accurate", but was most impressed by the subject-based grouping. He was surprised that a search for "boats" found both Cape Cod fishing boats and Venetian gondolas, but also noted errors such as a professional photograph registering as a screenshot.^[39]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=|title=Used Paired Space|publisher=Internet Archive}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://support.google.com/photos/answer/6314648|title=Reduce the size of your photos & videos|website=Google Photos Help|publisher=Google|accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.androidcentral.com/how-google-pixel-unlimited-photo-backup-works|title=How the Google Pixel's unlimited photo and video backup works|date=2016-12-13|work=Android Central|access-date=2018-11-02|language=en}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://one.google.com/about|title=Google One - More storage and extra benefits from Google|website=one.google.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-26}}
5. ^{{cite web |first=James |last=Gallagher |title=Shared memories made easy with Google Photos |url=https://blog.google/products/photos/shared-memories-made-easy-with-google/ |website=The Keyword Google Blog |publisher=Google |date=December 10, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
6. ^{{cite web |first=Katherine |last=Boehret |title=Google Photos' new shared albums aren’t designed for a social world |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/12/10/9873520/google-photos-shared-albums-vs-apple |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=December 10, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web |first=Drew |last=Olanoff |title=Google Photos Gets Easy-To-Use Shared Albums |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/10/google-photos-get-easy-to-use-shared-albums/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=December 10, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
8. ^{{cite web |first=Francois de |last=Halleux |title=Smarter photo albums, without the work |url=https://blog.google/products/photos/smarter-photo-albums-without-work/ |website=The Keyword Google Blog |publisher=Google |date=March 22, 2016 |accessdate=February 12, 2017}}
9. ^{{cite web |first=Sarah |last=Perez |title=Google Photos gets smarter, automatically creates albums with your best photos |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/22/google-photos-gets-smarter-automatically-creates-albums-with-your-best-photos/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=March 22, 2016 |accessdate=February 12, 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Novikoff |title=Turn that frown upside down, with suggested rotations and more |url=https://blog.google/products/photos/turn-frown-upside-down-suggested-rotations-and-more/ |website=The Keyword Google Blog |publisher=Google |date=October 12, 2016 |accessdate=January 11, 2017}}
11. ^{{cite web |first=Jingyu |last=Cui |title=Now your photos look better than ever — even those dusty old prints |url=https://blog.google/products/photos/now-your-photos-look-better-ever-even-those-dusty-old-prints/ |work=The Keyword Google Blog |publisher=Google |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=January 11, 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web |first=Casey |last=Newton |title=Google PhotoScan turns your prints into high-quality digital images |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/15/13625378/google-photoscan-app-photos-scan |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=January 11, 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web |first=Vlad |last=Savov |title=Google has added an eraser for bleak skies in Photos |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2016/11/17/13664078/google-photos-update-editor-deep-blue-color |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=November 17, 2016 |accessdate=January 11, 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web |first=Jacob |last=Kastrenakes |title=Google Photos on Android gets a redesigned 'albums' tab |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/2/2/14489380/google-photos-android-album-tab-redesign |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=February 12, 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web |first=Cody |last=Toombs |title=Google Photos v2.8 rearranges Albums and Device Folders, prepares for Nearby sharing and Auto-stories [APK Teardown + Download] |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/02/02/google-photos-v2-8-rearranges-albums-and-device-folders-prepares-for-nearby-sharing-and-auto-stories-apk-teardown-download/ |website=Android Police |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=February 12, 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web |first=Vlad |last=Savov |title=Google adds auto white balance to constantly improving Photos app |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/3/14800062/google-photos-auto-white-balance-android |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=March 3, 2017 |accessdate=March 10, 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web |first=Mat |last=Smith |title=Google Photos automatically fixes your pictures' white balance |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/03/03/google-photos-automatically-fixes-your-pictures-white-balance/ |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL |date=March 3, 2017 |accessdate=March 10, 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web |first=Mario |last=Queiroz |title=Google for Brazil: Building a more inclusive internet for everyone, everywhere |url=https://blog.google/topics/internet-access/google-brazil-building-more-inclusive-internet-everyone-everywhere/ |website=The Keyword Google Blog |publisher=Google |date=March 22, 2017 |accessdate=March 22, 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web |first=Nikki |last=Erlick |title=Google announces app updates to Allo, Duo, and Photos |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/22/15024736/google-allo-duo-photos-updates-announced |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=March 22, 2017 |accessdate=March 22, 2017}}
20. ^{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Welch |title=Google Photos can now stabilize all your shaky phone camera videos |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/13/15275648/google-photos-video-stabilization-new-feature |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=April 13, 2017 |accessdate=April 14, 2017}}
21. ^{{cite web |first=Richard |last=Gao |title=Google Photos' video stabilization gets demoed, proves impressive |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/04/13/google-photos-video-stabilization-gets-demoed-proves-impressive/ |website=Android Police |date=April 13, 2017 |accessdate=April 14, 2017}}
22. ^{{cite web |first=Richard |last=Gao |title=Suggested Sharing, Photo Books, and Shared Libraries in Google Photos utilize machine learning to group photos together |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/05/17/photo-books-suggested-sharing-shared-libraries-google-photos-utilize-machine-learning-group-photos-together/ |website=Android Police |date=May 17, 2017 |accessdate=May 17, 2017}}
23. ^{{cite web |first=Casey |last=Newton |title=The big picture |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/17/15650096/google-photos-new-features-shared-libraries-printed-books-io-2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=May 17, 2017 |accessdate=May 17, 2017}}
24. ^{{cite web |first=Valentina |last=Palladino |title=Updates to Google Photos ensure you’ll actually see those party photos you’re in |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/updates-to-google-photos-ensure-youll-actually-see-those-party-photos-youre-in/ |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast |date=May 17, 2017 |accessdate=May 17, 2017}}
25. ^{{cite web |first=Abner |last=Li |title=Google Photos rolling out Archive feature to hide images in the main feed |url=https://9to5google.com/2017/05/24/google-photos-archive/ |website=9to5Google |date=May 24, 2017 |accessdate=May 25, 2017}}
26. ^{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Dalton |title=Google Photos adds an archive button to declutter your stream |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/05/24/google-photos-adds-an-archive-button-to-declutter-your-stream/ |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL |date=May 24, 2017 |accessdate=May 25, 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web |first=Jacob |last=Kastrenakes |title=Google Photos’ new sharing features are starting to roll out |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/28/15886932/google-photos-automatic-sharing-feature-rolling-out |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 28, 2017 |accessdate=June 28, 2017}}
28. ^{{cite web |first=Sarah |last=Perez |title=Google Photos adds smarter sharing, suggestions and shared libraries |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/28/google-photos-adds-smarter-sharing-suggestions-and-shared-libraries/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=June 28, 2017 |accessdate=June 28, 2017}}
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30. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite web|first=Jacob |last=Kastrenakes |title=Google announces unlimited picture and video storage with new Photos app |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8678629/google-photos-app-announced |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601005223/http://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8678629/google-photos-app-announced |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=May 14, 2005 |archivedate=June 1, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }}
31. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Lowensohn |title=Hands-on with Google's new Photos service |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8673471/google-photos-hands-on-cloud-storage-io-2015 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=May 28, 2015 |accessdate=February 4, 2017}}
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33. ^{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Perry |title=11 things to know about Google Photos |url=https://blog.google/products/photos/11-things-to-know-about-google-photos/ |website=The Keyword Google Blog |publisher=Google |date=October 20, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
34. ^{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Thorp-Lancaster |title=Google Photos reaches 100 million monthly active users |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/google-photos-reaches-100-million-monthly-active-users |website=Android Central |date=October 20, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
35. ^{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Bergen |title=With 100 Million Monthly Users, Google Is Ready to Talk About Numbers With Google Photos |url=http://www.recode.net/2015/10/20/11619786/with-100-million-monthly-users-google-is-ready-to-talk-about-numbers |website=Recode |publisher=Vox Media |date=October 20, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
36. ^{{cite web |first=Anil |last=Sabharwal |title=Google Photos: One year, 200 million users, and a whole lot of selfies |url=https://blog.google/products/photos/google-photos-one-year-200-million/ |website=The Keyword Google Blog |publisher=Google |date=May 27, 2016 |accessdate=February 4, 2017}}
37. ^{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Yeung |title=Google Photos passes 500 million users |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/05/17/google-photos-passes-500-million-users/ |website=VentureBeat |date=May 17, 2017 |accessdate=May 17, 2017}}
38. ^{{cite web |first=Lucas |last=Matney |title=Google has 2 billion users on Android, 500M on Google Photos |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/17/google-has-2-billion-users-on-android-500m-on-google-photos/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=May 17, 2017 |accessdate=May 17, 2017}}
39. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²{{cite web |first=Walt |last=Mossberg |title=The New Google Photos: Free at Last, and Very Smart |url=https://www.recode.net/2015/6/2/11563182/the-new-google-photos-free-at-last-and-very-smart |website=Recode |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 2, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
40. ^¹{{cite web |first1=Sarah |last1=Mitroff |first2=Lynn |last2=La |title=Google Photos review |url=http://www.cnet.com/products/google-photos/2/ |website=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=June 3, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2017}}
41. ^{{cite web |first=John C. |last=Dvorak |title=Google Photos Is Too Creepy |url=http://uk.pcmag.com/photo-management-sharing-products/42427/opinion/google-photos-is-too-creepy |website=PC Magazine |publisher=Ziff Davis |date=June 1, 2015 |accessdate=February 4, 2017}}