| 词条 | Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Lord Westbury | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC}} | image = Lord Westbury LC by John Watkins.jpg | imagesize = | order1 = Lord Chancellor | term_start1 = 26 June 1861 | term_end1 = 7 July 1865 | monarch1 = Victoria | primeminister1 = The Viscount Palmerston | predecessor1 = The Lord Campbell | successor1 = The Lord Cranworth | birth_date = {{birth-date|30 June 1800|}} | birth_place = Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire | death_date = {{death-date and age|20 July 1873|30 June 1800}} | death_place = Lancaster Gate, London | nationality = British | party = Liberal | alma_mater = Wadham College, Oxford | spouse = {{marriage|Ellinor Abraham|1823|1863|reason=her death}} {{marriage|Eleanor Tennant|1873}} }}Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|sep=,|PC}} (30 June 1800 – 20 July 1873) was a British lawyer, judge and Liberal politician. He served as Lord Chancellor of Great Britain between 1861 and 1865. He was knighted in 1852 and raised to the peerage in 1861.[1] Background and educationBorn at Bradford on Avon, in Wiltshire, he was the eldest son of the physician Richard Bethell of Bristol and Jane (née Baverstock). He was from an old Welsh family originally named Ap Ithel. His younger brother was John Bethell.[2] He was educated in Bath and Bristol before attending Wadham College, Oxford at only 14 years old. He received a scholarship the next year. He took first-class honors in classics and second class in mathematics, and he graduated as a Bachelor of Arts in 1818 and was elected a fellow of his college.[1][3] In 1823, Bethell was called to the bar at the Middle Temple.[3][4] CareerWestbury was made a Queen's Counsel in 1840 was appointed vice-chancellor of the County Palatine of Lancaster in 1851.[3] His most important public service was the reform of the then existing mode of legal education, a reform which ensured that students before call to the bar should have at least some acquaintance with the elements of the subject which they were to profess.[1] In 1847, he ran unsuccessfully for Parliament; contesting Shaftesbury, he lost to Whig politician Richard Brinsley Sheridan.[1] He was successful in his second attempt in 1851, when he was elected for Aylesbury. Attaching himself to the liberals, he became Solicitor General in 1852, on which occasion he was made a Knight Bachelor. He was nominated Attorney-General in 1856 and again in 1859, serving both times for two years. He represented Wolverhampton from 1859–61.[1] On 26 June 1861, on the death of Lord Campbell, he was appointed Lord Chancellor and raised to the peerage as Baron Westbury, of Westbury, in the County of Wiltshire.[5] Owing to the reception by parliament of reports of committees nominated to consider the circumstances of certain appointments in the Leeds Bankruptcy Court, as well as the granting a pension to a Mr Leonard Edmunds, a clerk in the patent office, and a clerk of the parliaments, the lord chancellor felt it incumbent upon him to resign his office, which he accordingly did on 5 July 1865, and was succeeded by Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth. After his resignation he continued to take part in the judicial sittings of the House of Lords and the Privy Council until his death. In 1872 he was appointed arbitrator under the European Assurance Society Act 1872. CharacterPerhaps the best known of his decisions was the judgment delivering the opinion of the judicial committee of the privy council in 1863 against the heretical character of certain extracts from the well-known publication Essays and Reviews. His principal legislative achievements were the passing of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1857, and of the Land Registry Act 1862 (generally known as Lord Westbury's Act), the latter of which in practice proved a failure. What chiefly distinguished Lord Westbury was the possession of a certain sarcastic humour; and numerous are the stories, authentic and apocryphal, of its exercise. In fact, he and Sir William Henry Maule filled a position analogous to that of Sydney Smith, convenient names to whom good things may be attributed. FamilyLord Westbury married Ellinor Mary, daughter of Robert Abraham, in 1825. His younger brother John married another daughter of Abraham, Louisa Sarah, in 1833.[2] They had four sons and four daughters:
After Ellinor Mary's death in March 1863, Richard Bethell married Eleanor Margaret, daughter of Henry Tennant, in January 1873.[4] After an illness, Westbury died six months later on 20 July 1873, within a day of the death of Bishop Samuel Wilberforce, his special antagonist in debate. He was buried in the Great Northern Cemetery (now the New Southgate Cemetery). He was succeeded in the barony by his son from his first marriage, Richard, who committed suicide two years later. Lady Westbury died in December 1894. References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=Death of Lord Westbury |work=The Times |publisher=The Times Digital Archive |page=10 |date=21 July 1873 }} {{EB1911|wstitle=Westbury, Richard Bethell, 1st Baron}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|title=John Bethell|website=Grace's Guide to British Industrial History|publisher=Grace's Guide|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/John_Bethell|access-date=27 August 2016}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book | last = Dod | first = Robert P. | title = The Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland | year = 1860 | publisher = Whitaker and Co. | location = London | pages = 117 }} 4. ^1 {{cite book|title=Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage|date=1885|publisher=Burke's Peerage Limited|pages=1384–1385|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u8_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1384|accessdate=23 September 2016|language=en}} 5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=22524 |date=28 June 1861 |page=2689}} External links{{wikiquote}}{{Commons category|Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury}}
Frederick Calvert }}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Aylesbury | with = Quintin Dick 1851–1852 | with2 = Austen Henry Layard 1852–1857 | with3 = Thomas Tyringham Bernard 1857–1859 | years = 1851 – 1859 }}{{s-aft| after = Thomas Tyringham Bernard Samuel George Smith }}{{s-bef| before = Hon. Charles Pelham Villiers Thomas Thornley }}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton | with = Hon. Charles Pelham Villiers | years = 1859 – 1861 }}{{s-aft| after = Hon. Charles Pelham Villiers Thomas Matthias Weguelin }}{{s-legal}}{{s-bef| before = Sir Fitzroy Kelly }}{{s-ttl| title = Solicitor General for England and Wales | years = 1852–1856 }}{{s-aft| after = James Archibald Stuart-Wortley }}{{s-bef| before = Sir Alexander Cockburn, 12th Bt }}{{s-ttl| title = Attorney General for England and Wales | years = 1856–1858 }}{{s-aft| after = Sir Fitzroy Kelly }}{{s-bef| before = Sir Fitzroy Kelly }}{{s-ttl| title = Attorney General for England and Wales | years = 1859–1861 }}{{s-aft| after = Sir William Atherton }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | before=The Lord Campbell | title=Lord Chancellor | years=1861 – 1865 | after=The Lord Cranworth}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-new|creation}}{{s-ttl| title = Baron Westbury | years = 1861 – 1873 }}{{s-aft| after = Richard Bethell }}{{S-end}}{{Lord Chancellor}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bethell, Richard}} 20 : 1800 births|1873 deaths|Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford|Attorneys General for England and Wales|Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Knights Bachelor|Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Lord Chancellors of Great Britain|Members of the Middle Temple|People from Bradford-on-Avon|Queen's Counsel 1801–1900|Solicitors General for England and Wales|UK MPs 1847–52|UK MPs 1852–57|UK MPs 1857–59|UK MPs 1859–65|Burials at New Southgate Cemetery|English people of Welsh descent|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council |
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