| 词条 | Richard Fariña |
| 释义 |
| name = Richard Fariña | image = Richard_Fariña.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Fariña | birth_name = Richard George Fariña | birth_date = {{birth date|1937|3|8|mf=y}} | birth_place = Brooklyn, New York, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1966|4|30|1937|3|8|mf=y}} | death_place = Carmel, California, U.S. | occupation = Novelist, short story writer, composer, singer | movement = Counterculture | genre = Folk | spouse = Carolyn Hester Mimi Baez | notableworks = Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me | influences = | influenced = }}Richard George Fariña (March 8, 1937 – April 30, 1966) was an American folksinger, songwriter, poet and novelist.[1] Early years and educationFariña was born in Brooklyn, New York,[2] son of an Irish mother, Theresa Crozier, and a Cuban father, also named Richard Fariña.[3] He grew up in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn and attended Brooklyn Technical High School.[4] He earned an academic scholarship to Cornell University, starting as an engineering major, but later switching to English.[5] While at Cornell he published short stories for local literary magazines and for national periodicals, including Transatlantic Review and Mademoiselle.[6] Fariña became good friends with Thomas Pynchon,[7] David Shetzline, and Peter Yarrow while at Cornell. He was suspended for alleged participation in a student demonstration against campus regulations, and although he later resumed his status as a student, he dropped out in 1959, just before graduation.[8] Ascent on Greenwich Village folk sceneBack in Manhattan, Fariña became a regular patron of the White Horse Tavern, the well-known Greenwich Village tavern frequented by poets, artists, and folksingers, where he befriended Tommy Makem. It was there that he met Carolyn Hester, a successful folk singer. They married 18 days later. Fariña appointed himself Hester's agent; they toured worldwide while Fariña worked on his novel and Carolyn performed gigs. Fariña was present when Hester recorded her third album at Columbia studios during September 1961, where a then-little-known Bob Dylan played the harmonica on several tracks. Fariña became a good friend of Dylan; their friendship is a major topic of David Hajdu's book, Positively 4th Street: The Lives and Times of Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Mimi Baez Fariña, and Richard Fariña. Fariña then travelled to Europe, where he met Mimi Baez, the teenage sister of Joan Baez, in the spring of 1962. Hester divorced Fariña soon thereafter, and Fariña married 17-year-old Mimi in April 1963. Thomas Pynchon was the best man. They moved to a small cabin in Carmel, California, where they composed songs with a guitar and Appalachian dulcimer. They debuted their act as "Richard & Mimi Fariña" at the Big Sur Folk Festival in 1964 and signed a contract with Vanguard Records.[9] They recorded their first album, Celebrations for a Grey Day (released under the name Mimi & Richard Fariña),[10] in 1965, with the help of Bruce Langhorne, who had previously played for Dylan. During the brief life of Richard Fariña, the couple released only one other album, Reflections in a Crystal Wind, also in 1965. A third album, Memories, was issued in 1968, after his death. Fariña, like Dylan and others of this time, was considered a protest singer, and several of his songs are overtly political. Several critics have considered Fariña to be a major folk music talent of the 1960s. ("If Richard had survived that motorcycle accident, he would have easily given Dylan a run for his money." – Ed Ward). His best-known songs are "Pack Up Your Sorrows" and "Birmingham Sunday", the latter of which was recorded by Joan Baez and became better known after it became the theme song for Spike Lee's film 4 Little Girls, a documentary about the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963. "Birmingham Sunday" was also recorded by Rhiannon_Giddens in 2017, on her album "Freedom Highway." At the time of his death, Fariña was producing an album for his sister-in-law Joan Baez. She ultimately decided not to release the album. Two of the songs were included on Fariña's posthumous album, and another, a cover version of Fariña's "Pack Up Your Sorrows", co-written by Fariña with the third Baez sister, Pauline Marden, was released as a single in 1966; it has been included in a number of Baez' compilation albums. Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to MeFariña is known for his novel Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me, originally published by Random House in 1966.[11] The title comes from the Furry Lewis song "I Will Turn Your Money Green" ("I been down so long/It seem like up to me"). The novel, based largely on his college experiences and travels, is a picaresque novel, set in 1958 in the American West, in Cuba during the Cuban Revolution, and mostly at Cornell University (called Mentor University in the novel). The protagonist is Gnossos Pappadopoulis, who enjoys dope, feta cheese, Red Cap ale and retsina; attacks authority figures with anarchic glee; and lusts after the girl in the green knee-socks while searching for the right karma. The book has become a cult classic among fans of the 1960s and counterculture literature. Thomas Pynchon, who later dedicated his book Gravity's Rainbow (1973) to Fariña, described Fariña's novel as "coming on like the Hallelujah Chorus done by 200 kazoo players with perfect pitch... hilarious, chilling, sexy, profound, maniacal, beautiful, and outrageous all at the same time." DeathOn April 30, 1966, two days after the publication of his novel, Fariña attended a book-signing ceremony at a Carmel Valley Village bookstore, the Thunderbird. Later that day, while at a party to celebrate his wife Mimi Fariña's twenty-first birthday, Fariña saw a guest with a motorcycle, who later gave Fariña a ride up Carmel Valley Road, heading east toward the rural Cachagua area of Carmel Valley. At an S-turn the driver lost control. The motorcycle tipped over on the right side of the road, came back to the other side, and tore through a barbed wire fence into a field where a small vineyard now exists. The driver survived, but Fariña was killed instantly. According to Pynchon's preface to Been Down..., the police said the motorcycle must have been traveling at {{convert|90|mi/h|km/h}}, even though "a prudent speed" would have been {{convert|30|mi/h|km/h}}. Fariña is buried in a simple grave, its marker emblazoned with a peace sign, at Monterey City Cemetery in Monterey, California.[12] Legacy
References1. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/mar/25/richard-farina-lost-genius-bridged-gap-beats-hippies |title=Richard Fariña: lost genius who bridged the gap between beats and hippies |last=Barnett |first=David |date=March 25, 2016 |website=The Guardian |access-date=July 19, 2018}} 2. ^{{Cite web |title=Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: The 1960s: Fariña, Richard George |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3436600168/faria-richard-george.html |website=Encyclopedia.com |accessdate=January 8, 2016}} 3. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/folk-hero-richard-fari%C3%B1a-s-wild-ride-from-tyrone-to-greenwich-1.2754070 |title=Folk hero: Richard Fariña's wild ride from Tyrone to Greenwich |work=The Irish Times |access-date=July 19, 2018}} 4. ^Hajdu, David. Positively Fourth Street. p. 39. 5. ^Hajdu, David. Positively Fourth Street. p. 41. 6. ^Hajdu, David. Positively Fourth Street. p. 308. 7. ^{{Cite web |title=Richard Farina |url=http://www.pynchon.pomona.edu/uncollected/farina.html |website=Pynchon.pomona.edu |accessdate=January 8, 2016 |last=Pynchon |first=Thomas}} 8. ^Cornell Alumni Magazine, September–October 2014. "Campus Confrontation, 1958". 9. ^{{Cite web |title=Bread and Roses Founder Singer-Activist Mimi Farina Dead at 56 |url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0719-02.htm |website=Common Dreams |accessdate=January 8, 2016}} 10. ^{{Cite web |title=Celebrations for a Grey Day |url=http://www.richardandmimi.com/celebrations.html |website=RichardandMimi.com |accessdate=January 8, 2016}} 11. ^{{cite book |last=Hemmer |first=K. |title=Encyclopedia of Beat Literature |publisher=Facts On File, Incorporated |series=Facts on File Library of American Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4381-0908-4 |url=https://books.google.dk/books?id=yzVV1Hl1NvAC&pg=PA94 |access-date=July 25, 2018 |page=94}} 12. ^{{Cite web |title=Richard Farina |url=http://www.richardandmimi.com/richard.html |website=RichardandMimi.com |accessdate=January 8, 2016}} 13. ^{{Cite news |url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2015/08/a-fragile-tomorrow-one-way-ticket-cover/ |title=A Fragile Tomorrow cover Mimi and Richard Fariña's "One Way Ticket" with Joan Baez and Indigo Girls – watch |date=August 26, 2015 |work=Consequence of Sound |access-date=July 19, 2018}} 14. ^{{Cite book |title=Popular Is Not Enough: The Political Voice Of Joan Baez: A Case Study in the Biographical Method |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slkZBQAAQBAJ |publisher=Columbia University Press |date=April 1, 2010 |isbn=9783838201061 |first=Markus |last=Jaeger}} 15. ^{{Cite book |title=The Style of Connectedness: Gravity's Rainbow and Thomas Pynchon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7lX0wPvhocC |publisher=University of Missouri Press |date=January 1, 1987 |isbn=9780826206251 |first=Thomas |last=Moore |last3= |pages=19}} Further reading
External links{{Wikiquote}}{{Portal|Biography}}
29 : 1937 births|1966 deaths|American people of Galician descent|American folk singers|American male singer-songwriters|20th-century American novelists|American people of Cuban descent|American singer-songwriters|Appalachian dulcimer players|Cornell University alumni|Folk music of the American Southwest|Motorcycle road incident deaths|Singers from New York City|Musicians from Brooklyn|People from Greenwich Village|Road incident deaths in California|Vanguard Records artists|Writers from Brooklyn|Elektra Records artists|American writers of Cuban descent|20th-century American singers|American male novelists|American male short story writers|Songwriters from New York (state)|Brooklyn Technical High School alumni|20th-century American short story writers|People from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|Joan Baez|Novelists from New York (state) |
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