| 词条 | Grafton Tyler Brown |
| 释义 |
| name = Grafton Tyler Brown | image = GraftonTylerBrown-A-08775.jpg | image_size = 180px | alt = | caption = | birth_date = 1841 | birth_place = Harrisburg, Pennsylvania | death_date = 1918 | death_place = St. Peter, Minnesota | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = American | education = | alma_mater = | known_for = Painter, lithographer, and cartographer | notable_works = | style = | movement = | spouse = | awards = | elected = | patrons = | memorials = | website = | module = }}Grafton Tyler Brown (1841–1918) was an American painter, lithographer and cartographer. Brown was the first African American artist to create works depicting the Pacific Northwest and California.[1] Early life and educationHe was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.[1] His father was a freedman and was involved in the abolitionist movement. Brown worked for a printer in Philadelphia when he was fourteen. It was there where he learned the skill of lithography.[2] CareerBrown moved to San Francisco in the 1860s. He worked as a lithographer before becoming known as a painter in the 1880s. In San Francisco, he worked at Kuchel & Dressel from 1861–1867. In 1867 he opened his own firm and in 1878 he created The Illustrated History of San Francisco, which consisted of 72 topographical images of the city.[1] Brown's work in the Bay Area and in the Nevada Territory included documentation of settlements, property sales, claims and city boundaries.[2] The following year he sold his company. He left the Bay Area in 1882 and moved to Victoria, British Columbia. While there, he participated in the Amos Bowman Geological Survey. While participating in the survey, he served as draftsman and documented the Cascade Mountains. In 1884 he moved back to the United States and traveled throughout the northwest and west, painting such sites as Mt. Rainier. He lived in Portland, Oregon, painting landscapes and also traveling to Yosemite and Yellowstone National Park to paint.[1] In 1893, Brown moved to Saint Paul, Minnesota. In St. Paul he worked again as a draftsman, this time for the United States Army Corps of Engineers and for the city of St. Paul's engineering department. He died in St. Peter, Minnesota[3] in 1918.[1] Brown's works are held in the collections of the Oakland Museum of California,[4] Smithsonian American Art Museum,[5] and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[6] Notable exhibitions
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|author=Joan Marter|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPGdBxzaWj0C&pg=PA344|accessdate=21 April 2012|date=20 January 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-533579-8|pages=343–344}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|author=Dreck Spurlock Wilson|title=African-American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k5r5cXC67igC&pg=PA107|accessdate=21 April 2012|date=12 January 2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-92959-2|pages=105–109}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Amy Scott|author2=Museum of the American West|title=Yosemite: Art of an American Icon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BNdexGoHkkC&pg=PA195|accessdate=21 April 2012|date=1 October 2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24922-6|pages=195–}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Grafton Tyler Brown|url=http://collections.museumca.org/?q=category/made/grafton-tyler-brown|work=OMCA Collections|publisher=Oakland Museum of California|accessdate=21 April 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=The Iron-Clad Mine|url=http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artwork/?id=33833|work=Collections|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|accessdate=21 April 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=View of Mt. Rainier, 1886|url=http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=96578;type=101|work=Collections|publisher=Los Angeles County Museum of Art|accessdate=21 April 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|title="Blacks in the Westward Movement," Anacostia Neighborhood Museum|url=http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_8690|work=92-1782|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Archives|accessdate=21 April 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Grafton Tyler Brown: Visualizing California and the Pacific Northwest |url=http://trio.caamuseum.org/exhibit_detail.asp?id=323 |work=Exhibitions |publisher=CAAM |accessdate=21 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314151508/http://trio.caamuseum.org/exhibit_detail.asp?id=323 |archivedate=14 March 2012 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|last=de Pastino|first=Blake|title=Grafton Tyler Brown: Visualizing California and the Pacific Northwest|url=http://www2.citypaper.com/arts/story.asp?id=6231|work=Arts|publisher=City Paper|accessdate=21 April 2012|date=7 April 2004}} External links{{commons category-inline}}
17 : African-American artists|American cartographers|American landscape painters|American lithographers|Artists from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Artists from Saint Paul, Minnesota|Artists from San Francisco|Artists from Portland, Oregon|1841 births|1918 deaths|19th-century American painters|American male painters|20th-century American painters|Painters from Pennsylvania|Painters from Minnesota|Painters from California|20th-century American printmakers |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。