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词条 Richard J. Roberts
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career and research

  3. Awards and honours

  4. References

{{Other people|Richard Roberts}}{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}{{Infobox scientist
|name = Sir Richard Roberts
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}}
|image = Roberts, Richard John (1943).jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Richard Roberts
|birth_name=Richard John Roberts
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|09|06|df=y}}[1]
|birth_place = Derby, England
|death_date =
|death_place =
|residence =
|citizenship =
| influences = David Ollis[2]
John Kendrew[2]
Jack Strominger[2]
Daniel Nathans[2]
James Watson[2]
|nationality = British
|field = molecular biologist
|work_institutions = {{Plainlist|
  • University of Sheffield
  • New England Biolabs
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
  • Harvard University}}

|alma_mater = University of Sheffield (BSc, PhD)
| thesis_title = Phytochemical studies involving neoflavanoids and isoflavanoids
| thesis_url = http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/36827249?style=html
| thesis_year =1969
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = {{Plainlist|
  • Alternative splicing
  • Work on introns
  • Restriction endonucleases[2]
  • DNA methylation
  • Computational molecular biology[1]}}

|website = {{URL|nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/roberts-bio.html}}
|prizes = {{Plainlist|
  • Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1993)[3][4]
  • FRS (1995)[1][12]
  • EMBO Membership (1995)[5]
  • Knight Bachelor (2008)[1]
  • PhD (1969)[15]}}

}}Sir Richard John Roberts (born 6 September 1943) {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}}[12] is an English biochemist and molecular biologist. He was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Phillip Allen Sharp for the discovery of introns in eukaryotic DNA and the mechanism of gene-splicing. He currently works at New England Biolabs.[6][7][8]

Early life and education

Roberts was born in Derby, the son of Edna (Allsop) and John Roberts, an auto mechanic.[2] When he was four, Roberts' family moved to Bath. In Bath, he attended City of Bath Boys' School.[2] As a child he at first wanted to be a detective and then, when given a chemistry set, a chemist. In 1965 he graduated from the University of Sheffield with a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry followed by a PhD in 1969.[1] His thesis involved phytochemical studies of neoflavonoids and isoflavonoids.[9][10]

Career and research

During 1969–1972, he did postdoctoral research at Harvard University.[11]

before moving to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,[12] where he was hired by James Dewey Watson, a co-discoverer of the structure of DNA and a fellow Nobel laureate. In 1992, he moved to New England Biolabs.[11] The following year, he shared a Nobel Prize with his former colleague at Cold Spring Harbor Phillip Allen Sharp.[13]

Roberts's discovery of the alternative splicing of genes, in particular, has had a profound impact on the study and applications of molecular biology.[12] The realisation that individual genes could exist as separate, disconnected segments within longer strands of DNA first arose in the study of adenovirus,[12] one of the viruses responsible for causing the common cold. Robert's research in this field resulted in a fundamental shift in our understanding of genetics, and has led to the discovery of split genes in higher organisms, including human beings.[12][8]

Awards and honours

In 1992, Roberts received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Medicine at Uppsala University, Sweden.[14] After becoming a Nobel Laureate in 1993 he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) by the University of Bath in 1994.[15]

Roberts was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1995[16] and a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in the same year.[5] In 2005, a multimillion-pound expansion to the chemistry department at the University of Sheffield, where he had been a student, was named after him. A refurbished science department at Beechen Cliff School (previously City of Bath Boys' School) was also named after Roberts, who had donated a substantial sum of his Nobel prize winnings to the school.[17]

Roberts is an atheist and was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto.[18][19] He was knighted in the [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/queens-birthday-honours-full-list-846831.html 2008 Birthday Honours].

Roberts is a member of the Advisory Board of Patient Innovation (https://patient-innovation.com), a nonprofit, international, multilingual, free venue for patients and caregivers of any disease to share their innovations.

Roberts has been a keynote speaker at the Congress of Future Medical Leaders (2014, 2015, 2016).{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

He also is the chairman of The Laureate Science Alliance, a non-profit supporting research worldwide.

References

{{Scholia|author}}
1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Who's Who | surname = ROBERTS | othernames = Sir Richard (John) | id = U32757 | volume = 1995 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Richard John|title=A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes|journal=Nucleic Acids Research|volume=31|issue=7|year=2003|pages=1805–1812|pmid=12654995|doi=10.1093/nar/gkg274|pmc=152790}} {{open access}}
3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Shampo | first1 = M. A. | last2 = Kyle | first2 = R. A. | doi = 10.4065/78.2.132 | title = Richard J. Roberts—Nobel Laureate for Discovery of Split Genes | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | page = 132 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12583523| pmc = }}
4. ^{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/365597a0 | title = Nobel goes to discoverers of "split genes" | journal = Nature | first=Kimberly|last=Carr| volume = 365 | issue = 6447 | page = 597 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8413620| pmc = }}
5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://people.embo.org/profile/richard-j-roberts|title=Richard J. Roberts EMBO profile|publisher=European Molecular Biology Organization|location=Heidelberg|website=people.embo.org|author=Anon|year=2016}}
6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Roberts | first1 = R. J. | authorlink1 = Richard J. Roberts| last2 = Chang | first2 = Y. -C. | last3 = Hu | first3 = Z. | last4 = Rachlin | first4 = J. N. | last5 = Anton | first5 = B. P. | last6 = Pokrzywa | first6 = R. M. | last7 = Choi | first7 = H. -P. | last8 = Faller | first8 = L. L. | last9 = Guleria | first9 = J. | last10 = Housman | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkq1168 | first10 = G. | last11 = Klitgord | first11 = N. | last12 = Mazumdar | first12 = V. | last13 = McGettrick | first13 = M. G. | last14 = Osmani | first14 = L. | last15 = Swaminathan | first15 = R. | last16 = Tao | first16 = K. R. | last17 = Letovsky | first17 = S. | last18 = Vitkup | first18 = D. | last19 = Segrè | first19 = D. | last20 = Salzberg | first20 = S. L. | last21 = Delisi | first21 = C. | last22 = Steffen | first22 = M. | last23 = Kasif | first23 = S. | title = COMBREX: A project to accelerate the functional annotation of prokaryotic genomes | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 39 | issue = Database issue | pages = D11–D14 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21097892 | pmc =3013729 }}
7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Roberts | first1 = R. J. | authorlink1 = Richard J. Roberts| last2 = Varmus | first2 = H. E. | authorlink2 = Harold E. Varmus| last3 = Ashburner | first3 = M. | authorlink3 = Michael Ashburner| last4 = Brown | first4 = P. O. | authorlink4 = Patrick O. Brown| last5 = Eisen | first5 = M. B. | authorlink5 = Michael Eisen| last6 = Khosla | first6 = C. | authorlink6 = Chaitan Khosla| last7 = Kirschner | first7 = M.| last8 = Nusse | first8 = R.| authorlink8 = Roel Nusse| last9 = Scott | first9 = M. | title = Information Access: Building A GenBank of the Published Literature | doi = 10.1126/science.1060273 | journal = Science | volume = 291 | issue = 5512 | pages = 2318a | year = 2001 | pmid = | pmc = }}
8. ^1 {{Scopus|id=7404281937}}
9. ^1 {{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Richard John|last=Roberts |title=Phytochemical studies involving neoflavanoids and isoflavanoids |publisher=University of Sheffield |date=1969 |url=http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/36827249?style=html|oclc=270832404|website=copac.jisc.ac.uk}}
10. ^Richard J. Roberts {{ORCID|0000-0002-4348-0169}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/roberts-bio.html| title = Richard J. Roberts - Biographical| website = nobelprize.org| access-date = 2016-02-28| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003141/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/roberts-bio.html|archivedate=2016-03-04| author=Anon| year=1993}}
12. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Chow|first1=Louise T.|last2=Gelinas|first2=Richard E.|last3=Broker|first3=Thomas R.|last4=Roberts|first4=Richard J.|title=An amazing sequence arrangement at the 5′ ends of adenovirus 2 messenger RNA|journal=Cell|volume=12|issue=1|year=1977|pages=1–8|pmid=902310|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(77)90180-5}}
13. ^{{cite journal|last1=Klimasauskas|first1=Saulius|last2=Kumar|first2=Sanjay|last3=Roberts|first3=Richard J.|last4=Cheng|first4=Xiaodong|title=Hhal methyltransferase flips its target base out of the DNA helix|journal=Cell|volume=76|issue=2|year=1994|pages=357–369|pmid=8293469|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(94)90342-5}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/ |title=Honorary doctorates - Uppsala University, Sweden |website=Uu.se |date=2016-08-17 |accessdate=2016-08-28}}
15. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/ |title=Honorary Graduates 1989 to present | publisher = University of Bath |work=bath.ac.uk |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
16. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006213105/https://royalsociety.org/people/richard-roberts-12188/ |archivedate=2015-10-06 |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/richard-roberts-12188/ |title=Sir Richard Roberts FRS |publisher=Royal Society |location=London |author=Anon |year=1995 }} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |accessdate=2016-03-09 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archivedate=25 September 2015 |df=dmy }}}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://support.beechencliff.org.uk/prospect/prospectus3.html|title=Beechen Cliff School website}} {{dead link|date=August 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_II | title=Humanist Manifesto II | publisher=American Humanist Association | accessdate=4 October 2012}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-bright-journey-to-atheism-or-a-road-that-ignores-all-the-signs-1.1040886|publisher=The Irish Times|website=irishtimes.com|title=A bright journey to atheism, or a road that ignores all the signs?|first=William |last=Reville|year=2006|location=Dublin|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035023/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-bright-journey-to-atheism-or-a-road-that-ignores-all-the-signs-1.1040886|archivedate=2016-03-05}}
{{FRS 1995}}{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1976-2000}}{{1993 Nobel Prize winners}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Roberts, Richard J.}}

18 : People from Bath, Somerset|People from Derby|Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine|British biochemists|20th-century British biologists|21st-century British biologists|British Nobel laureates|Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization|Alumni of the University of Sheffield|Knights Bachelor|People educated at City of Bath Boys' School|1943 births|Living people|Fellows of the Royal Society|English Nobel laureates|Guggenheim Fellows|English humanists|English atheists
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