| 词条 | Grand Casemates Square | ||||
| 释义 |
| name = Grand Casemates Square | native_name = | image = Grand Casemates Square.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = View of Grand Casemates Square, looking northeast towards the Rock of Gibraltar (2007). | former_names = La Barcina, La Esplanada | postal_code = | addresses = | length = | width = | location = Gibraltar | client = | owner = Government of Gibraltar | current_tenants = | sector = | category = | coordinates = {{coord|36.1448|-5.3528|region:GI_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | commissioning_date = | construction_start_date = | completion_date = | inauguration_date = | demolition_date = | main_contractor = | cost = }}Grand Casemates Square (colloquially Casemates Square or Casemates) is the larger of the two main squares within the city centre of Gibraltar (the other being John Mackintosh Square). The square takes its name from the British-built Grand Casemates, a casemate and bombproof barracks at the northern end of the square completed in 1817.[1][2] Located at the northern end of Main Street, the square is lined with numerous pubs, bars and restaurants[2] and acts as the gateway into Gibraltar's city centre for most tourists. HistoryGrand Casemates Square dates back to Gibraltar's Moorish period when the place was first fortified, making it as old as the city itself.[3] Moorish periodThe square is built on sand that was once a beach. In May 1160 Moroccans sent by the Almohad ruler Abd al-Mu'min landed to lay the foundations of the first substantial settlement.[4] This "City of Victory" (Medinat al-Fath) was small and included the area within the Moorish Castle and the land just below. It was this new ruler who changed the name of the rock to Jabal al-Fath meaning Mount of Conquest.[4] This land was an intertidal zone used by the Muslims to beach their galleys. After the Siege of Gibraltar in 1309, Ferdinand IV of Castile gave orders that a galley house be built where his ships could be repaired. This house gradually sank into the sand over the next few centuries.[5] Spanish periodIn the late 15th century a gate in the wall near Water Gate was opened to let galleys in. The building of the Old Mole in the 1570s led to the passage silting and the galley house became unusable.[5] The area of Grand Casemates Square formed part of the old town {{lang-es|Villa Vieja}} during Spanish times, being walled with its own gates and towers.[5] Early 17th century plans refer to this area as La Barcina.[2] British periodFollowing the problems the Spanish faced with the buildings sinking into the soft wet ground, the British began to construct fortress walls and battlements on higher, more solid ground.[2][6] In 1770, chief engineer William Green began preparatory work for the construction of Grand Casemates as bombproof barracks on the square's northern flank.[2][5] However, its construction was not started until after the Great Siege of 1779-1783 and it was finished in 1817 under the governorship of General Sir George Don.[5] After the Great Siege the British decided to demolish most buildings within the square which had suffered great damage. This opened up the area into an esplanade which could be used for public events such military parades and public executions.[2][6] Capital punishment{{see also|Capital punishment in Gibraltar}}Grand Casemates Square was once the site of public military hangings,[7] with the last one being held in 1864.[6][8] ArchaeologyFollowing excavations during the refurbishment of the square in the 1990s, archeological remains of a galley house were unearthed.[5] These foundations are still on display in the square.[9] 21st centuryNowadays Grand Casemates Square has become a commercial hub housing numerous pubs, bars, restaurants and shops[6] following the refurbishment of the square in the 1990s to replace a car park which occupied half the square.[10] The square is also used to host various cultural events from live open-air concerts, to National Day celebrations.[6] In 2012 the square was host to celebration for Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee celebration which was attended by the Earl and Countess of Wessex.[11] MonumentsMonuments found within the square include:
Notable fortifications in Grand Casemates Square
See also
GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|title=Gibraltar - Main sights|url=http://www.andalucia.com/gibraltar/placestosee.htm|publisher=Andalucia.com|accessdate=5 July 2012}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Casemates Square|url=http://www.gibraltar.com/sightseeing/casemate-square-gibraltar.html|publisher=Gibraltar Travel Guide|accessdate=5 July 2012}} 3. ^{{cite book|ref=Jackson|last=Jackson|first=William G. F.|authorlink=William Jackson (British Army officer)|title=The Rock of the Gibraltarians|publisher=Associated University Presses|year=1986|location=Cranbury, NJ|isbn=0-8386-3237-8|pages=34–35}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Norris|first=H.T.|title=The Early Islamic Settlement in Gibraltar|journal=Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|year=1961|jstor=2844467?|volume=91|pages=39–51}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|last=Crone|first=Jim|title=Grand Casemates Square|url=http://www.discovergibraltar.com|publisher=DiscoverGibraltar.com|accessdate=5 July 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626103203/http://www.discovergibraltar.com/|archivedate=26 June 2012|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Watch The World Go By In Casemates Square |url=http://www.yourgibraltartv.com/gibraltar/gibraltar-attractions/casemates-square |publisher=Your Gibraltar TV |accessdate=22 July 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520235559/http://www.yourgibraltartv.com/gibraltar/gibraltar-attractions/casemates-square |archivedate=20 May 2012 |df= }} 7. ^The Sydney Morning Herald - The Original Rock Star (15 February 2009) 8. ^{{cite book|ref=Jackson|last=Jackson|first=William G. F.|authorlink=William Jackson (British Army officer)|title=The Rock of the Gibraltarians|publisher=Associated University Presses|year=1986|location=Cranbury, NJ|isbn=0-8386-3237-8}} 9. ^THE CRADLE OF HISTORY, Tristan Cano, travelthruhistory.com, accessed August 2012 10. ^{{cite web|last=Whitley|first=David|title=Gibraltar: From Casemates Square to the World War II Tunnels|url=http://www.grumpytraveller.com/articles/gibraltar-from-casemates-square-to-the-world-war-ii-tunnels/|publisher=GrumpyTraveller.com|accessdate=22 July 2012}} 11. ^Their Royal Highnesses The Earl and Countess of Wessex Visit Gibraltar: Day Two, royalcorrespondent.com, June 2012, accessed August 2012 12. ^{{cite web|title=Fun things to do in Gibraltar|url=http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Gibraltar/Things_To_Do-Gibraltar-MISC-BR-3.html|publisher=Virtual Tourist}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Historical Gibraltar Attractions - Casemates Square|url=http://www.gibraltarinformation.com/gibraltar-attractions.html|publisher=GibraltarInformation.com|accessdate=22 July 2012}} Bibliography
External links{{commons category|Grand Casemates Square}}
1 : Squares in Gibraltar |
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