“Grand Maket Rossiya”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The model took five years to build and employed over one hundred people.^[4] First, a wooden frame to be used under the model was made. Then the foundations for the roads and railroads were made. Later, the model wooden ribs were installed and a layer of plaster (11 tons were used) was cast to create the desired shape of the landscape. The design of the surface took one specialist about a month per square meter.^[5]

Museum opening

The first visitors were allowed in the museum in April 2011.^[6] For the next 14 months, the museum worked in test mode, only taking visitors at the weekend. The official opening took place on June 8, 2012.^[7]

View

The model presents an image of everyday life in Russia, realized through models. These everyday situations represent different human activities, such as work, leisure, sports, studying, military service, country life, travel, mass celebrations and even an attempt to escape from prison. Ground transportation is represented by various kinds of cars and trucks, trams, buses, trains, and agricultural, construction and military equipment. Visitors have an opportunity to set things in motion on the model by pushing interactive buttons placed around the layout.^[8]

Technical solutions

The day/night system

Every 13 minutes the lighting of the model is changed as day turns gradually into night. The night lighting lasts for 2 minutes. More than 500 000 LED lights in different colours were used to illuminate the model without creating shadows^[9]

Movement of road vehicles

The movement of the cars in the model is realistic. The cars and buses stop at traffic lights, bus stops and flashing signals, and they change speeds and bypass each other. The electrical energy for the automobiles is obtained remotely from underneath the model, so the cars themselves don't appear to have a power supply. This was the first use of this method for moving cars in this way.^[10]

Railway traffic

To optimize the traffic on the layout, it was built in many levels using more than {{cvt|2500|m}} of rails and 452 switch boxes. The total number of rolling stock is more than 2700, of which 250 are locomotives and 10 are special cleaning trains. The variety of the moving trains is created using two revolver exchangers that store up to 60 trains and dispatch them when needed. On the layout there are also two turntables which can turn the locomotives up to 180 degrees. The largest height difference in the model is {{cvt|1|m}}. This is achieved with over {{cvt|50|m}} of spiral lifts.

Awards

References

1. ^Grand Maket Russia. St. Petersburg In Your Pocket, February–March 2015, №99, p. 47.
2. ^Тимофей Кареба Как инженер-искусствовед создает образ России. chief-time.ru, April 2014.
3. ^Т.Скоренко, Люди, которые строят Россию: Макет. popmech.ru, October 2011.
4. ^Евгений Николаев Гранд Макет Россия. erazvitie.org. April 4, 2014.
5. ^История проекта с 2008 года, Авт.сост. Морозов С. Б. СПб: Сити-пресс (St. Petersburg City Press), 2013, 40 с.
6. ^Панкратова И. Из Петербурга на Урал — за 5 минут. Вечерний Петербург (Evening Petersburg), 2011, No. 148, c. 5.
7. ^Эдуард Тихонравов Маленькая Россия{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. spb.mk.ru, June 13, 2012.
8. ^Леонид Данько Гранд Макет Россия: успешный старт. sirius-tm.ru, June 2014.
9. ^Анна Лялякина Самый большой макет России откроется в Санкт-Петербурге {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701205907/http://marker.ru/news/511572 |date=2015-07-01 }}. marker.ru, January 12, 2012.
10. ^Наталья Васенкова Это родинка моя: Как работает Гранд-макет Россия. the-village.ru, December 3, 2012.

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