“Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Lazarus”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Grand Master of the Order of Saint Lazarus was the leader of an order of chivalry that was established by the Holy See in the 12th century. A number of Masters of the order, eventually termed Grand Masters, have been listed by previous historians of the order.

The early history of the Order of Saint Lazarus, like is the case of several other medieval orders, is shrouded in a haze of reality and myth simply because the early historians of the various orders assumed the role of enthusiastic eulogists to the detriment of objective writing. The genealogists even went so far as to try tracing origins to personages and events in the Old Testament.^[1] The available early cartulary only confirms some of the individuals in the list.^[2]

To complicate it further, historical legacy and contingency is claimed by the modern Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910), see Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910).

List of Masters or Grand Masters

The following individuals have been elected as Masters or Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Lazarus, or any of its predecessor titles. Their highest title is shown here:

Order

Name

Image

Title

Date installed

Term ended

Term of office

Comments

Notes

Gérard le Fondateur}}

Master of the Order of St John in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem

1099

1120

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1099|1120}} years}}

No further information about his patronymic origins is known. Founder of the Order of St John. Allegedly was also responsible for the Leprosarium outside the walls of Jerusalem.

^[2]

Boyant Roger}}

Master of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem

1120

1131

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1120|1131}} years}}

Served as Rector of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem. Allegedly followed Gérard as Master of the Leprosarium, while Raymond de Puy assumed the Mastership of the Hospitallers of St John.

Jean}}

circa 1131

circa 1153

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1131|1153}} years}}

No further information about his patronymic origins is known.

Barthélémy or Bartholomeo

circa 1153

circa 1154

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1153|1154}} years}}

No further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.

Hitier or Hector}}

circa 1154

circa 1155

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1154|1155}} years}}

No further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.

Hughes de Saint-Paul}}

circa 1155

circa 1157

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1155|1157}} years}}

No further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.

Raymond du Puy}}

Master of the Hospitallers of St John in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem

1157

1159

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1157|1159}} years}}

He allegedly further assumed the Mastership of the Leprosarium in Jerusalem at the end of his life.

Rainier or Lambertus}}

circa 1164

circa 1168

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1164|1168}} years}}

No further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.

^[2]

Raymond}}

circa 1168

circa 1169

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1168|1169}} years}}

No further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.

Gérard de Montclar}}

circa 1169

1185

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1169|1185}} years}}

He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order.

^[3]

Bernard}}

1185

1186

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1185|1186}} years}}

No further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.

^[2]

Gauthier de Châteauneuf or Walter de Novo Castro}}

1228

1234

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1228|1234}} years}}

Served originally as Master of Burton Lazars in England, before becoming Master General of the Order. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.

Rainaldus de Floriaco or Reynald de Fleury}}

1234

1254

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1234|1254}} years}}

He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.

{{nts|13}}a

Miles}}

circa 1256

1267

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1256|1267}} years}}

Not usually listed by authors but a contemporary deed mentions him as being the serving magister of the Order.

^[3]

Jean de Meaux}}

Preceptor General of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Acre in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem

circa 1267

1277

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1267|1277}} years}}

He is titled Preceptor General in a charter dated 1267.

^[1]

Thomas de Sainville}}

Master General of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Acre in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem

1277

1312

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1277|1312}} years}}

He was responsible for moving the central seat of the Order to Boigny, France before the fall of Acre.

Sir Adam de Veau}}

Master General of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France

1313

1330

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1313|1330}} years}}

Previously served as Master of Burton Lazars, England, before becoming Master General of the Order.

Jean de Paris}}

1332

1348

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1332|1348}} years}}

Jean de Couraze}}

circa 1349

circa 1354

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1349|1354}} years}}

Jean le Comte}}

circa 1355

1361

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1355|1361}} years}}

Jacques de Besnes or Jacques de Baynes}}

circa 1382

1384

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1382|1384}} years}}

Pierre des Ruaux}}

1413

1454

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1413|1454}} years}}

Guillaume des Mares}}

circa 1454

1469

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1454|1469}} years}}

Jean le Cornu}}

1469

1493

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1469|1493}} years}}

François d'Amboise}}

Grand Master of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Rhodes

1493

1500

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1493|1500}} years}}

Nephew of Aimery d'Amboise.

Agnan de Mareul}}

1500

1519

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1500|1519}} years}}

François de Bourbon, Comte de Saint-Paul}}

Commander of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France

1519

1521

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1519|1521}} years}}

Claude de Mareul}}

1521

1554

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1521|1554}} years}}

Nephew of Agnan de Mareul.

Jean de Conti}}

1554

1557

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1554|1557}} years}}

Jean de Lévis}}

Grand Master of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France

1557

1564

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1557|1564}} years}}

Knight of St John. Was confirmed as Grand Master of St Lazarus with the Papal bull Nos igitur.

Michel de Seure de Lumigny}}

1564

1578

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1564|1578}} years}}

Was originally a Knight of St John. He resigned his post as Grand Master in 1578 but retained magisterial privileges.

François de Salviati}}

Vicar General of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France

1571

1586

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1571|1586}} years}}

Was originally Knight and Ambassador of St John. Served as Vicar General from 1571 to 1578.

Michel de Seure de Lumigny}}

Grand Master of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France

1586

1593

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1586|1593}} years}}

Resumed the role of Grand Master on the death of François Salviati.

Aymard de Clermont de Chastes}}

Grand Master of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France

1593

1599

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1593|1599}} years}}

Was originally a Knight of St John. Served as Marshal of St John and Vice-Admiral of France.

{{nts|33}}a

Hughes Catelan de Castelmore}}

circa 1603

Included by some authors. His appointment is however in doubt.

Jean-Charles de Gayand de Monterolles}}

1599

1604

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1599|1604}} years}}

Nephew of Aymard de Clermont de Chastes. apparently served in a proxy role for his uncle while the latter was in Canada.

Philibert, Marquis de Nérestang}}

Grande Maître de Ordres Royaux, Militaires et Hospitaliers de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem Réunis

1604

1613

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1604|1613}} years}}

Grand Master of St Lazarus and later of the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, united to it in 1608 by King Henri IV

Claude, Marquis de Nérestang}}

1613

1639

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1613|1639}} years}}

Son of Philibert

Charles, Marquis de Nérestang}}

1639

1644

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1639|1644}} years}}

Son of Claude

Charles-Achilles, Marquis de Nérestang}}

1645

1673

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1645|1673}} years}}

Brother of Charles

François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois}}

Vicar General de Ordres Royaux, Militaires et Hospitaliers de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem Réunis

1673

1691

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1673|1691}} years}}

Vicar General of the Order with magisterial privileges

Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis de Dangeau}}

Grande Maître de Ordres Royaux, Militaires et Hospitaliers de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem Réunis

1691

1720

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1691|1720}} years}}

Prince Louis de Bourbon, Duc d'Orléans,}}
Chartres, Valois, Nemours et Montpensier

1720

1752

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1720|1752}} years}}

Prince Louis de France, Duc de Berry}}

Protector de Ordres Royaux, Militaires et Hospitaliers de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem Réunis

1757

1773

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1757|1773}} years}}

Later King Louis XVI (serving as Protector from 1774).

Prince Louis Stanislas Xavier de France,
Comte de Provence, Duc d’Anjou}}

1773

1814

{{nowrap|{{age in years|1773|1814}} years}}

Later King Louis XVIII (serving as Protector from 1814-1824). Brother of King Louis XVI.

During the period 1814 to 1841, the order was under the direction of the Council of Officers with King Louis XVIII (1814-1824) and Charles X (1824-1831) as Protectors of the joint Orders. During the 19th century, the Order turned its attention to supporting the Monastery at Haifa and its Protectorship was assumed by the Melkite Patriarchs.

Bibliography

List of Masters or Grand Masters

Bibliography

See also

References