| 词条 | Richard March Hoe |
| 释义 |
|image =Richard_March_Hoe_-_Brady-Handy.jpg |image_width = |caption = Richard March Hoe |name = Richard March Hoe |nationality = American |birth_date = {{Birth date|1812|9|12|mf=y}} |birth_place = New York City |death_date = {{death date and age|1886|6|7|1812|9|12|mf=y}} |death_place = Florence, Italy |education = |spouse = |parents = |children = |discipline = |institutions = |practice_name = |significant_projects = |significant_design = Rotary printing press |significant_advance = Printing press |significant_awards = }} Richard March Hoe (middle name spelled in some 1920s records as "Marsh") (September 12, 1812 – June 7, 1886) was an American inventor from New York City who designed a rotary printing press and related advancements, including the "Hoe web perfecting press" in 1871; it used a continuous roll of paper and revolutionized newspaper publishing. BiographyRichard March Hoe was born in New York City, the son of Robert Hoe (1784–1833), an English-born American mechanic from Leicestershire. His brothers were Peter Smith Hoe and Robert Hoe II. His father, with brothers-in-law Peter and Matthew Smith, established a steam-powered manufactory of printing presses in New York City. At the age of fifteen, Richard joined their enterprise. Several years later in 1833, he became a senior member of his father's firm R. Hoe & Company. After his father's death that year, Hoe became head of the company. He was joined later by his younger brother Robert Hoe II (1815-1884). Richard Hoe married and had a family, eventually living in a manor house on 53 acres in the Bronx. Hoe died on June 7, 1886, in Florence, Italy. InventionsEarly on, Hoe added the production of steel saws to his business and introduced improvements to their manufacture. In 1837, he visited England and obtained a patent for a better process of grinding saws. In connection with his factory, Hoe established an apprentice's school where free instruction was given.[1] He is most well known for his invention in 1843 of a rotary printing press: type was placed on a revolving cylinder, a design that could print much faster than the old flatbed printing press.[1] It received {{US Patent|5199}} in 1847, and was placed in commercial use the same year. Arunah Shepherdson Abell, publisher of The Sun in Baltimore, was among the first to buy it and put it into use. In its early days, it was variously called the "Hoe lightning press," and "Hoe's Cylindrical-Bed Press." In 1870 Hoe developed a rotary press that printed both sides of a page in a single operation, what he called the "Hoe web perfecting press." Hoe's press used a continuous roll of paper five miles long, which was put through the machine at the rate of {{convert|800|ft}} a minute. As the roll emerged, it passed over a knife which cut pages apart; they were next run through an apparatus which folded the pages for the mail or for carriers. These completely printed and folded newspapers were delivered as quickly as the eye could follow them.[2] It produced 18,000 papers an hour and was used the first time by the New York Tribune. Hoe was a Freemason. He died while traveling in 1886 in Florence, Italy. His nephew, Robert Hoe (1839–1909), wrote a notable Short History of the Printing Press (1902). He also made further improvements in printing. Although Hoe was known for his rotary printing press, he also had lots of practice before, since he took on his fathers work after he retired, he perfected many cylinder presses, and he continued to improve, eventually creating his prize invention, the hoe lightning press Marriage and familyHoe lived with his wife, Mary, and children on a {{convert|53|acre|m2|adj=on}} estate, called Brightside, in the Morrisania/Hunt's Point section of the Bronx. His family sold the estate in 1904 to developers speculating on the subway extension into the Bronx. Printer's Park[3] is located at the former site of his mansion, at the corner on Aldus Street and Hoe Avenue in the Bronx. The newly reconstructed park re-opened in April 2010, equipped with a play structure inspired by the rotary printing press.[4] References1. ^{{Cite book | last = Meggs | first = Philip B. | authorlink = Philip B. Meggs | title = A History of Graphic Design | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 1998 | location = | edition = Third | pages = 147 | isbn = 978-0-471-29198-5}} 2. ^1 {{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Hoe, Robert}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://ny.curbed.com/2010/7/30/10507984/the-other-cool-new-playground-wtc-mosque-vote-scheduled|title=The Other Cool New Playground; 'WTC Mosque' Vote Scheduled|first=Joey|last=Arak|date=30 July 2010|publisher=}} 4. ^"NYC's Printers Park", cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com. External links{{Commonscat-inline}}
7 : 1812 births|1886 deaths|19th-century American inventors|Morrisania, Bronx|People from the Bronx|Hunts Point, Bronx|American people of English descent |
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