| 词条 | Richard Mead |
| 释义 |
|name = Richard Mead |image =Richard Mead 2.jpg |image_size =270px |birth_date = {{birth-date|11 August 1673}} |birth_place = Stepney, London |death_date = {{death-date and age|16 February 1754|11 August 1673}} |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = English |ethnicity = |field = Medicine |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = JG Graevius |doctoral_students = |known_for = Epidemiology |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} Richard Mead (11 August 1673 – 16 February 1754) was an English physician. His work, A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion, and the Method to be used to prevent it (1720), was of historic importance in the understanding of transmissible diseases. LifeThe eleventh of thirteen children of Matthew Mead (1630–1699), an Independent minister, Richard was born at Stepney, London. He studied at Utrecht for three years under JG Graevius. Having decided to follow the medical profession, he then went to Leiden and attended the lectures of Paul Hermann and Archibald Pitcairne. In 1695 he graduated in philosophy and physic at Padua, and in 1696 he returned to London, entering at once on a successful practice. His Mechanical Account of Poisons appeared in 1702, and, in 1703, he was admitted to the Royal Society, to whose Transactions he contributed in that year a paper on the parasitic nature of scabies. In the same year, he was elected physician to St. Thomas' Hospital, and appointed to read anatomical lectures at the Surgeon's Hall. On the death of John Radcliffe in 1714, Mead became the recognised head of his profession; he attended Queen Anne on her deathbed, and in 1727 was appointed physician to George II, having previously served him in that capacity when he was prince of Wales. While in the service of the king, Mead got involved in the creation of a new charity, the Foundling Hospital, both as a founding governor and as an advisor on all things medical. The Foundling Hospital was a home for abandoned children rather than a medical hospital, but it is said that through Dr. Mead's involvement, the Foundling was equipped with both a sick room and a pharmacy. He is even supposed to have influenced the architect, Theodore Jacobsen, into incorporating a large courtyard to promote the children exercising. A full-size portrait of Dr Mead, donated by the artist Allan Ramsay in 1747, ensures that his contribution will not be forgotten, and is permanently displayed at the Foundling Museum. Dr Richard Mead was also a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Freemason[1] (although it is not known to which lodge he belonged). Mead was a collector of paintings, rare books, classical sculpture, gems and zoological specimens, which he made available for study at the library in his Bloomsbury house.[2][3] His collection consisted of 10,000 volumes.[4] In 1752 he received a letter from Camillo Paderni, concerning the progress at the excavations of the Villa of the Papyri.[5] After his death, it took 56 days to auction them to book collectors from England and abroad.[6] His "Genuine and Entire Collection of Valuable Gems, Bronzes, Marble and other Busts and Antiquities" was auctioned by Abraham Langford at his house in the Great Piazza, Covent Garden on 11-15 March 1755.[7] Mead's country estate was at Old Windsor in Berkshire, but he died at his house in Bloomsbury in 1754. His London home later formed the basis of Great Ormond Street Hospital. Mead was buried in Temple Church. A monument to him was placed in the north aisle of Westminster Abbey, with a bust by Peter Scheemakers.[8] Religious viewsIn 1755 was published (posthumously) Mead's Medica Sacra; Or, A commentary on the most remarkable diseases, mentioned in the Holy Scriptures. He made use of the work of his supposed relative Joseph Mede's Doctrine of Demons and also of his once patient Isaac Newton's Chronology to argue that pagan ideas regarding demons had entered Christianity. Like Arthur Ashley Sykes and others, Mead understood those afflicted by demons in the New Testament to refer simply to those suffering from a variety of illnesses: ‘That the Daemoniacs, daimonizomenoi, mentioned in the gospels, laboured under a disease really natural, though of an obstinate and difficult kind, appears to me very probable from the accounts given of them.’ [9] Possible foiblesMead is satirised in Laurence Sterne's novel, Tristram Shandy, where he briefly appears as Dr Kunastrokius: "—Did not Dr. Kunastrokius, that great man, at his leisure hours, take the greatest delight imaginable in combing of asses' tails, and plucking the dead hairs out with his teeth, though he had tweezers always in his pocket?"[10] The name Kunastrokius is clearly a sexual pun, perhaps referencing Voltaire's Cunegund of Candide (1759).[11] One of Sterne's correspondents later complained that he was reviving widespread rumours that Mead had gone bankrupt due to paying for elaborate sexual favours. Sterne defended himself on the grounds that all he did was "most distantly hint at a droll foible in his character...known before by every chamber-maid and footman within the bills of mortality".[12] WorksBesides the Mechanical Account of Poisons (2nd ed, 1708), Mead published:
References1. ^Alphabetical List of Fellows of the Royal Society who were Freemasons {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723190044/http://freemasonry.lmfm.net/os/wp-content/resources/frs_freemasons_complete_jan2010.pdf |date=23 July 2011 }}. freemasonry.lmfm.net 2. ^https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123243#page/1/mode/1up A catalogue of the genuine and entire collection of valuable gems, bronzes, marble and other busts and antiquities, of the late Doctor Mead, 1755 3. ^http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/3047 Obituary in Munk's Roll 4. ^{{Cite book|title=The Counties of Bedford and Huntingdon|author=Arthur Mee|work=The King's England|page=97|date=January 1951|orig-year=April 1939}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/philtrans03868854/page/n1|title=Extract of a Letter from Signor Camillo Paderni, to Dr. Mead, concerning the Antiquities Dug up from the Antient Herculaneum|author=Camillo Paderni|year=1752|access-date=January 19, 2019|publisher=Royal Society of London}} 6. ^Jonathan A. Hill bookseller: Catalogue 203, 2012, p. 52 7. ^{{cite book | last = Langford | first = Mr [Abraham] | title = A Catalogue of the Genuine and Entire Collection of Valuable Gems, Bronzes, Marble and other Busts and Antiquities of the Late Doctor Mead, etc. | publisher = Mr Langford | date = 1755 | location = London }} 8. ^http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/richard-mead Memorial in Westminster Abbey 9. ^Richard Meade, ‘Medica Sacra; Or, A commentary on the most remarkable diseases, mentioned in the Holy Scriptures’, page 73, 1755 10. ^http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1079/1079-h/1079-h.htm L. Sterne, "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman" (1759-67) 11. ^M. New, ed., "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman: The Notes" (1984) 12. ^G. Petrie ed., Lawrence Sterne: Tristram Shandy (1976) p. 617 Sources{{Refbegin}}
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11 : English astrologers|1673 births|1754 deaths|17th-century English medical doctors|18th-century English medical doctors|University of Padua alumni|People from Bloomsbury|People from Old Windsor|People from Stepney|Fellows of the Royal Society|English collectors |
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