| 词条 | Richard Scarry |
| 释义 |
|name = Richard Scarry |image = |birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1919|06|05}} |birth_place = Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1994|04|30|1919|06|05}} |death_place = Gstaad, Switzerland |occupation = Author and illustrator |genre = Children's books |movement = |notableworks = Best Word Book Ever |influences = |influenced = |website = }}Richard McClure Scarry (June 5, 1919 – April 30, 1994) was an American children's author and illustrator who published over 300 books with total sales of over 100 million worldwide.[1] Early life and education{{unreferenced section|date=April 2017}}Scarry was born in Boston, Massachusetts, where his parents ran a shop. The Scarry family enjoyed a comfortable life even during the time of the Great Depression. Following high school graduation, Scarry enrolled in a business college but soon dropped out, finding it not to his liking. He then studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, where he remained until being drafted into the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, Scarry worked for the art departments of various magazines before making a career breakthrough in 1949 with Little Golden Books. In Irish, his surname is pronounced {{IPA|/ˈsˠkaːɾˠə/}}, originating on the west coast of Ireland, but English-speakers often pronounce it "scary", and this is the pronunciation used in popular video and audio renditions of his books and stories. Overview of his workScarry's most famous series of books was about Busytown. Scarry's characters were almost always anthropomorphic animals. His books were popular with children throughout the world. Over 100 million copies of his books were sold, and they have been translated into dozens of languages.[1] While his books are largely populated by common animal species such as dogs, cats, raccoons, bears, owls, goats, foxes, wolves, rabbits, lions, tigers, rats, pigs, mice, chipmunks, alligators, crocodiles, beavers, walruses, and others, he proved to be quite adept at giving human characteristics to a seemingly endless number of creatures. Many of his later illustrations feature characters in traditional Swiss clothing and show architecturally correct drawings of half-timber houses. Examinations of drawings featuring mechanical devices, such as the rigging on a sailboat or a fighter jet. Scarry was closely associated with mass-market children's publisher Ole Risom, "the author and illustrator whose [collaborative] books have sold more than 100 million copies around the world. They worked together on dozens of books, including I Am a Bunny, which Risom wrote and Scarry illustrated. First published in 1963, it is still in print."[1] Moreover, Risom and Walter Retan later cowrote the illustrated biography, The Busy, Busy World of Richard Scarry. In the 1980s and 1990s, many of Scarry's Best Ever books were produced as animated videos, sold to consumers and also aired at times during TLC's Ready Set Learn block. The Busytown books were also adapted into an animated series, The Busy World of Richard Scarry, which was produced by CINAR Animation and Paramount Television and ran on Showtime from 1993 to 1997 and later reran in the late 1990s on Nickelodeon and Noggin. A further animated series, Busytown Mysteries, was commissioned by CBC Television from the Cookie Jar Group (the successor to CINAR) in 2007, and airs on the Kids' CBC Block morning program. Busytown was also featured at the Carnegie Science Center from June 13 through September 8, 2002 in an interactive exhibit entitled "Richard Scarry's Busytown".[2] From 1976 to about 1978, Playskool produced a series of toy sets titled Richard Scarry's Puzzletown featuring plastic figures of Scarry characters and vehicles as well as cardboard scenery that the child could set up in a grid of grooves in a plastic base.[3][4] Changes made to reflect social valuesBooks by Richard Scarry changed over the course of their several editions, often to make them conform to changing social values. His Best Word Book Ever, which first appeared in 1963, was issued in 1980 as a "new revised edition" which altered images and text to remove material which could be perceived as offensive due to gender, racial, or religious misconceptions. Characters in "cowboy" or "Indian" costumes were either removed or given nondescript clothing. Moral and religious elements and depictions of gender roles were altered or removed (for instance, a menorah was added into a Christmas scene, and the words "he comes promptly when he is called to breakfast", referring to a father bear, were changed to "he goes to the kitchen to eat his breakfast"). Characters engaged in activities reflecting traditional gender roles were altered so as to make the scenes more gender-neutral (e.g., a male character was added into a kitchen scene, a cowboy was replaced with a female gardener and a female scientist, the phrase "pretty stewardess" was changed to "flight attendant", and male characters engaged in traditionally masculine activities such as driving a steamroller were altered into female characters by the addition of hair ribbons or pink flowers, etc.). In some cases these changes necessitated removing whole sections altogether, including the "Out West" section, the "buildings" section (which had depicted a church, a cathedral, and a French Foreign Legion fortress), and sections on painting and music making.[5][6] Personal life and familyScarry's wife, Patricia Murphy, was a writer of children's textbooks who met Richard during collaboration when he was a textbook illustrator. She is credited with writing many of the stories in his subsequent children's books, such as Good Night, Little Bear, The Bunny Book, and The Fishing Cat. In 1972 the Scarrys bought a chalet in Gstaad, Switzerland. Here he founded his studio where he spent most of the day (from about 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) writing and illustrating his books. His studio contained a single desk, lamp and chair. His wife was told not to bother him except for his hour break for lunch. Scarry died of a heart attack in Gstaad on April 30, 1994.[7] His papers and drawings are in the collection of the University of Connecticut archives.[8] His son, Richard Scarry, Jr., is also an illustrator, sometimes working under the nickname Huck Scarry, sometimes working in his father's style as Richard Scarry. Huck is the nickname of Huckle Cat, one of the most commonly recurring Busytown characters. Scarry Jr. lives in Vienna, Austria. BibliographyScarry began his career in 1949 as an illustrator of books by other people, specifically Kathryn & Byron Jackson's Mouse's House. He continued as only or primarily an illustrator through 1955, then began turning out original books. His titles, in order of publication, are:[9] Golden Books
Many of these titles are preceded by his name ("Richard Scarry's ..."), and may be so listed in library and booksellers' databases. Some (including Pie Rats Ahoy! and Best Mistake Ever!) were published under the Beginner Books imprint, and others (The Early Bird, Funniest Storybook Ever, Busiest People Ever, Best Story Book Ever, Animal Nursery Tales, Storybook Dictionary, Biggest Word Book Ever!) as Bright and Early Books, although all are targeted at beginning readers. Scarry also illustrated a 1963 edition of The Fables of La Fontaine, and in 1993 put his own stamp on a series of familiar nursery stories (Little Red Riding Hood, The Little Red Hen, The Three Bears, The Three Little Pigs). Stories made to videoGolden Book Videos:
Random House Videos: (by 2006 these were taken out of print) Richard Scarry's:
Richard Scarry's:
The Busy World of Richard Scarry:
The Busy World of Richard Scarry:
Richard Scarry's:
Busytown Mysteries:
Hurray for Huckle:
References1. ^Lipson, E. R., [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/24/arts/ole-c-risom-80-publisher-of-children-s-books.html "Ole C. Risom, 80, Publisher of Children's Books"], The New York Times, Aug. 24, 2000. 2. ^Carnegie Magazine {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012082606/http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmag/bk_issue/2002/mayjun/csc1.htm |date=2008-10-12 }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wandering-scientist.com/2010/06/second-generation-of-fun.html|title=Wandering Scientist|publisher=}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://crescentstar.blogspot.com/2011/04/richard-scarrys-puzzletown.html|title=Crescent Star|author=CrescentStar|publisher=}} 5. ^{{cite web|first=Lisa|last=Wade|title=Social Change and Richard Scarry's Best Word Book Ever|date=22 September 2010|url=http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2010/09/22/social-change-and-richard-scarrys-best-word-book-ever/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010035217/http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2010/09/22/social-change-and-richard-scarrys-best-word-book-ever/|archive-date=10 October 2014|work=The Society Pages|accessdate=7 August 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|first=Alan|last=Taylor|title=The Best Word Book Ever, 1963 and 1991|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/kokogiak/sets/1425737/|work=Flickr|accessdate=16 October 2013}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E0D91030F930A35756C0A962958260|title=Richard Scarry, 74, Children's Book Author and Illustrator, Dies|date=3 May 1994|publisher=}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://collections.ctdigitalarchive.org/islandora/object/20002:860130676|title=A Guide to the Richard Scarry Papers|website=collections.ctdigitalarchive.org|access-date=2016-10-18}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/rscarry.htm |title=Richard Scarry |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=Kuusankoski Public Library |location=Finland |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102022620/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/rscarry.htm |archivedate=2 January 2008 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7442052/|title=3 Richard Scarry Animal Nursery Tales (Video 1986)|date=1986|publisher=IMDb}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7441988/|title=Richard Scarry's Old MacDonald's Farm and Other Animal Tales (Video 1986)|date=1986|publisher=IMDb}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7392246/|title=Get Ready for School (Video 1986)|date=1986|publisher=IMDb}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1479172/|title=Best ABC Video Ever! (Video 1989)|date=15 March 1989|publisher=IMDb}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1479173/|title=Best Counting Video Ever! (Video 1989)|date=31 August 1989|publisher=IMDb}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0280074/|title=Best Busy People Video Ever! (Video 1993)|date=17 August 1993|publisher=IMDb}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0256333/|title=Best Learning Songs Video Ever! (Video 1993)|date=17 August 1993|publisher=IMDb}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1479174/|title=Best Silly Stories and Songs Video Ever! (Video 1994)|date=23 August 1994|publisher=IMDb}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1479175/|title=Best Sing-Along Mother Goose Video Ever! (Video 1994)|date=23 August 1994|publisher=IMDb}} External links
14 : 1919 births|1994 deaths|American people of Irish descent|American children's writers|People from Ridgefield, Connecticut|Writers from Boston|Writers who illustrated their own writing|United States Army soldiers|American army personnel of World War II|Artists from Boston|Writers from Connecticut|Artists from Connecticut|American emigrants to Switzerland|School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts alumni |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。