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词条 Richard S. Fuld Jr.
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Lehman Brothers

     Chief Executive Officer  Bankruptcy and aftermath 

  3. After Lehman

  4. Accolades and directorships

  5. In popular culture

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2011}}{{Infobox person
| birth_name = Richard Severin Fuld Jr.
| name = Richard S. Fuld, Jr.
| image = Richard S. Fuld, Jr. at World Resources Institute forum.jpg
| caption = Fuld speaking in 2007
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1946|04|26}}
| birth_place = New York City, U.S.
| alma_mater = University of Colorado Boulder (BA) (BS)
New York University (MBA)[1]
| employer =
| title = Former Chairman & CEO of Lehman Brothers
| salary = $22,030,534 (2007)
| networth = {{loss}} US$100 million (est.)
(October 2008)[2]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| boards = New York-Presbyterian Hospital
| ethnicity =
| spouse = Kathleen Ann Bailey[3][4]
| partner =
| children = 3
}}

Richard Severin Fuld Jr. (born April 26, 1946) is an American banker best known as the final Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lehman Brothers. Fuld had held this position since the firm's 1994 spinoff from American Express until 2008. Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 on September 15, 2008,[5] and subsequently announced a sale of major operations to parties including Barclays Bank and Nomura Securities.

Fuld was nicknamed the "Gorilla" on Wall Street for his competitiveness.[6] Condé Nast Portfolio ranked Fuld number one on their Worst American CEOs of All Time list, stating he was "belligerent and unrepentant".[7] Fuld was also named in Time magazine's list of "25 People to Blame for the Financial Crisis".[8] Furthermore, CNN named Fuld as one of the 'Ten Most Wanted: Culprits' of the 2008 financial collapse in the United States.[9]

Early life

Fuld was born to a Jewish family in New York City, the son of Richard Severin Fuld Sr. and Elizabeth Schwab.[10] He is a second cousin of Oakland Athletics outfielder Sam Fuld.[11]

He attended Wilbraham & Monson Academy where he gained his high school diploma.

He received both a B.A. and B.S. from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1969 and his M.B.A. from New York University's Stern School of Business[1] in 1973. While attending Colorado, Fuld participated in the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps program and was president of the school's chapter of the Alpha Tau Omega social fraternity.[12]

Fuld's first career as an Air Force pilot came to an end when he got into a fistfight with a commanding officer. He said he had been defending a young cadet who was being taunted by the senior officer.[13]

Fuld is a member of Kappa Beta Phi.[14]

Lehman Brothers

He then began his career with Lehman Brothers in 1969, the year the firm's senior partner Robert Lehman died.[15] Fuld started trading commercial paper and over time he developed a reputation as being an accomplished fixed income trader.[16]

Fuld worked for Lehman for nearly 40 years. During this time, Fuld witnessed and participated in the numerous changes which the organization endured, including its merger with Kuhn, Loeb & Co, its acquisition by American Express, its merger with E.F. Hutton, and its ultimate spin-off from American Express in 1994, once again as Lehman Brothers. Once public, the new company traded under the stock ticker LEH.[17]

Chief Executive Officer

Having served as CEO from 1994 through the firm's collapse in 2008, Fuld was the longest-tenured CEO on Wall Street at the time of the financial crisis of 2008.[6] Fuld had steered Lehman through the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, a period where the firm's share price dropped to $12 in 1998.[18] Lehman had a yearly loss of $102 million in 1993, but after Fuld became CEO the firm had fourteen straight years of profits, including one of $4.2 billion in 2007, although in 2008 it reported a Q2 loss of $2.8 billion and filed for bankruptcy later that year.[19] Similar to the fall of Barings Bank this was accomplished by driving up company earnings through excessive leverage and risk.[20]

Fuld had a succession of "number twos" under him, usually titled as President and Chief Operating Officer. T. Christopher Pettit served until November 26, 1996, when he lost a power struggle with his deputies, likely brought about after Pettit had a mistress, which violated Fuld's unwritten rules on marriage and social etiquette.[21] This president and COO position would remain vacant until Joseph Gregory was appointed President and COO in 2002.[22] Bradley Jack and Joseph M. Gregory were appointed co-COOs in 2002, however Jack was demoted to the Office of the Chairman in May 2004 and departed in June 2005 with a severance package of $80 million, making Gregory the sole COO and President. Along with CFO Erin Callan,[23] Gregory was demoted on June 12, 2008, and replaced by Bart McDade, who would see Lehman through bankruptcy.[19][21]

In 2006, Institutional Investor magazine named Fuld America's top chief executive in the private sector. That same year in December, Fuld told The Wall Street Journal, "as long as I am alive this firm will never be sold." In March 2008, Fuld appeared in Barron's list of the 30 best CEOs and was dubbed "Mr. Wall Street".

Overall, Fuld received nearly half a billion dollars in total compensation from 1993 to 2007.[24] In 2007, he was paid a total of $22,030,534, which included a base salary of $750,000, a cash bonus of $4,250,000, and stock grants of $16,877,365.[25] According to Bloomberg Businessweek, Fuld "famously demanded loyalty of everyone around him and demonstrated his own by keeping much of his wealth tied up in the firm", even buying Lehman shares on margin, according to a friend.[26]

Bankruptcy and aftermath

{{See also|Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers}}

Fuld was initially praised for handling the initial subprime mortgage crisis well, better than any of the other bulge bracket firms, behind Goldman Sachs.[27]

Fuld was said to have underestimated the downturn in the US housing market and its effect on Lehman's mortgage bond underwriting business.[6] Fuld was already the longest-tenured CEO on Wall Street and kept his job as the subprime mortgage crisis took hold, while CEOs of rivals like Bear Stearns, Merrill Lynch, and Citigroup were forced to resign.[6] In addition, Lehman's board of directors, which includes retired CEOs like Vodafone's Christopher Gent and IBM's John Akers were reluctant to challenge Fuld as the firm's share price spiraled lower.[6]

Fuld was criticized for not completing several proposed deals, either a capital injection or a merger, that would have saved Lehman Brothers from bankruptcy. Interested parties had included Warren Buffett[28] and the Korea Development Bank.[29] Fuld was said to have played a game of brinkmanship, refusing to accept offers that could have rescued the firm because they didn't reflect the value he saw in the bank.[6]

However, New York magazine had a different view on Fuld's last three months as CEO before the firm's bankruptcy. Hugh "Skip" McGee III, then-head of the Investment Banking Division, had earlier disagreed with COO Joseph M. Gregory's appointment of one of his subordinates, Erin Callan, as CFO. On June 11, 2008, McGee organized a meeting of the firm's senior bankers, who forced Fuld to demote Callan and Gregory. Gregory's replacement as president and COO was Bart McDade. While Fuld remained CEO in title, it has been said that a management coup had taken place and that the one person in charge then was McDade.[30] New York magazine's account also stated that Fuld was desperately searching for a buyer during the summer and even offering to step aside as CEO to facilitate the sale of the firm, being quoted as saying "We have two priorities, that the Lehman name and brand survive and that as many employees as possible be saved, and you'll notice our priority isn't price".[31]

In his 2009 book A Colossal Failure Of Common Sense, Larry McDonald—a senior Lehman Brothers trader in the years leading up to the crash—wrote that Fuld's "smoldering envy" of Goldman Sachs and other Wall Street rivals led him to ignore warnings from Lehman executives about the impending crash, and that Fuld insisted the firm's chief risk officer leave the boardroom during key discussions.[32]

In October 2008, Fuld was among twelve Lehman Brothers executives who received grand jury subpoenas in connection to three criminal investigations led by the United States Attorney's offices in the Eastern and Southern Districts of New York as well as the District of New Jersey, related to the alleged securities fraud associated with the collapse of the firm.[33][34][35]

On October 6, 2008, Fuld testified before the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform regarding the causes and effects of the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers.[36][37][38] During the testimony, Fuld was asked if he wondered why Lehman Brothers was the only firm that was allowed to fail, to which he responded: "Until the day they put me in the ground, I will wonder."[39]

After Lehman

On November 10, 2008, Fuld transferred his Florida mansion to his wife Kathleen for $100. They had bought it four years earlier for $13.75 million.[40]

In March 2009, Fuld sent out an email, widely, stating that he had joined Matrix Advisors, in New York City.[41]

In May 2010, Fuld was registered by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) as employed by Legend Securities, a securities brokerage and investment banking firm in New York.[42][43] Fuld left the firm in early 2012.[44]

By July 2015, Matrix Advisors, led by Fuld, had grown to about two dozen employees. The firm focuses on small and medium-sized enterprises, advising clients on a range of matters, from opening product distribution channels to completing mergers and acquisitions and sourcing private equity and venture capital funding.[45] By 2016 Matrix Private Capital LLC had $100 million in assets under management from 18 families. By November 2017 the company had expanded by opening offices in Los Angeles and Palm Beach.[46]

Also in mid-2015, Fuld put up for auction his 71-acre estate in Sun Valley, Idaho. The property was estimated to sell for $30 to $50 million in August 2015, but sold at auction in September for just over $20 million.[47]

As of 2018 Fuld has remained critical of the government's decision not to bail out Lehman despite bailing out other financial firms in distress.[48]

Accolades and directorships

In 2006, Fuld was named No. 1 CEO in the Brokers & Asset Managers category, by Institutional Investor magazine.[49] In 2007 he received a $22 million bonus.[50]

Fuld at one time served on the board of directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, a position he ceased holding shortly before the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. He is a member of the International Business Council of the World Economic Forum and the Business Council. He also serves on the Board of Trustees of New York-Presbyterian Hospital. He was also on the board of directors of the Robin Hood Foundation but was removed from the Board following the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy.[51]

In October 2008, CNN named Fuld as one of the "Ten Most Wanted: Culprits of the Collapse" of the 2008 financial collapse in the United States; he was placed at number 9 on the list.[52]

In December 2008, Fuld was given the "Lex Overpaid CEO" award of the Financial Times for having received $34 million in 2007 and $40.5 million in 2006, the last two years before his bank's failure.[53]

In popular culture

  • Richard Fuld was portrayed by Corey Johnson in the 2009 BBC film The Last Days of Lehman Brothers.
  • Richard Fuld was portrayed by James Woods in the 2011 HBO film Too Big To Fail.
  • Fuld also appeared in the 2010 documentary Inside Job.[54]
  • In October 2011, a theatrical film titled Margin Call was released, depicting a bank loosely based on Lehman Brothers. Jeremy Irons portrayed "John Tuld", a character inspired by Fuld.[55][56]

References

1. ^1 {{Cite news |author=Peter Robison |author2=Yalman Onaran |title=Fuld's Subprime Bets Fueled Profit, Undermined Lehman |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601170&refer=home&sid=aiETiKXNbDVE |publisher=Bloomberg |date=September 15, 2008 |accessdate=September 23, 2008 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130118072816/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&refer=home&sid=aiETiKXNbDVE |archivedate=January 18, 2013 |quote=Fuld earned a BA from the University of Colorado and an MBA from New York University's Stern School of Business. |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }}
2. ^{{Cite news|title=Lehman Managers Portrayed as Irresponsible|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/business/economy/07lehman.html|date=October 6, 2008|first=Bernie|last=Becker|work=The New York Times|first2=Ben|last2=White | accessdate = September 6, 2012}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=International directory of business biographies|author1=Schlager, N.|author2=Torrado-Caputo, V.|author3=Mazurkiewicz, M.|author4=Schlager Group|date=2005|volume=2|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=9781558625570|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=veIJAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=December 15, 2014}}
4. ^Vanity Fair: "Lehman’s Desperate Housewives" By Vicky Ward April 2010
5. ^Lehman files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, TheStreet.com, September 15, 2008
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1341059120080914 |agency=Reuters | title=Lehman CEO Fuld's hubris contributed to meltdown | date=September 14, 2008}}
7. ^[https://www.cnbc.com/2009/04/30/Portfolios-Worst-American-CEOs-of-All-Time.html?slide=21 "Portfolio's Worst American CEOs of All Time: Dick Fuld"], portfolio.com, April 30, 2009, retrieved 2 February 2017
8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1877351_1877350_1877326,00.html|title=25 People to Blame for the Financial Crisis|work=Time |accessdate=March 28, 2013|date=February 11, 2009}}
9. ^"Culprits of the Collapse", ac360.blogs.cnn.com; accessed February 27, 2014.
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/218/000125840/ |title=nndb.com |publisher=nndb.com |accessdate=April 4, 2011}}
11. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tampabay.com/sports/baseball/rays/tampa-bay-rays-news-and-notes/1154463 |title=Tampa Bay Rays news and notes |work=St. Petersburg Times |date=February 28, 2011 |accessdate=April 4, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531102016/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/baseball/rays/tampa-bay-rays-news-and-notes/1154463 |archivedate=May 31, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}
12. ^{{Cite press release |title=Lehman Brothers CEO To Speak At CU-Boulder Graduate School Of Business Commencement |publisher=University of Colorado Boulder |date=April 27, 2001 |url=http://www.colorado.edu/news/releases/2001/208.html |accessdate=September 29, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409160450/http://www.colorado.edu/news/releases/2001/208.html |archivedate=April 9, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}
13. ^Fuld's Air Force career came to abrupt end after he got into fist fight with commanding officer, The Times, September 16, 2008
14. ^{{cite book |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2014 |title=Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street's Post-Crash Recruits |location=London, UK |publisher= John Murray (Publishers), An Hachette UK Company |page=206 |isbn=978-1-47361-161-0}}
15. ^{{Cite news| url =http://topics.wsj.com/person/F/richard-s-fuld/523|title=Richard S. Fuld Jr.|publisher=Wall Street Journal |date = August 31, 2014}}
16. ^{{Cite book|title=Uncontrolled Risk|last=Williams|first=Mark|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|date=April 12, 2010|isbn=978-0071638296|location=|pages=26|quote=|via=}}
17. ^{{Cite book|title=Uncontrolled Risk|last=Williams|first=Mark|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|date=April 12, 2010|isbn=978-0071638296|location=|pages=29|quote=|via=}}
18. ^{{Cite book|title=Uncontrolled Risk|last=Williams|first=Mark|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|date=April 12, 2010|isbn=978-0071638296|location=|pages=85|quote=|via=}}
19. ^1 Fishman, Steve (November 30, 2008). "Burning Down His House". New York.
20. ^{{cite book|last=Poitras|first=Geoffrey|date=2002|title=Risk Management, Speculation, and Derivative Securities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCEb0VwD8nUC|location=|publisher=Academic Press|page=25|isbn=9780125588225|accessdate=December 15, 2014}}
21. ^1 {{Cite news|last=Ward |first=Vicky |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2010/04/lehman-wives-201004 |title=Lehman's Desperate Housewives |work=Vanity Fair |date=April 2010 |accessdate=September 29, 2012}}
22. ^{{Cite book|title=Uncontrolled Risk|last=Williams|first=Mark|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|date=April 12, 2010|isbn=978-0071638296|location=|pages=76|quote=|via=}}
23. ^Ward, Vicky (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hsuhaO3oQ0kC&pg=PA162&lpg=PA162&dq=Erin+Callan+Joseph+Gregory+blonde&source=bl&ots=Sgv3avbLmV&sig=ruK0oxgTt6eWAmpGfAkPHZcM7oU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Nz_NUNneL-TC0QHBzoCICw&ved=0CFwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Erin%20Callan%20Joseph%20Gregory%20blonde&f=false The Devil's Casino].
24. ^{{Cite news|last=Kristof |first=Nicholas D. |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/09/18/opinion/edkristof.php |title=Nicholas D. Kristof: $17,000 an hour. No success required. |work=International Herald Tribune |date=September 18, 2008 |accessdate=April 4, 2011}}
25. ^"CEO Compensation for Richard S. Fuld Jr", Equilar.com
26. ^{{cite news|last=Green|first=Joshua|title=Where Is Dick Fuld Now? Finding Lehman Brothers' Last CEO|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=September 12, 2013|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-09-12/where-is-dick-fuld-now-finding-lehman-brothers-last-ceo}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/business/28fuld.html?ref=todayspaper&pagewanted=all |work=The New York Times |title=The Survivor |first=Jenny |last=Anderson |date=October 28, 2007}}
28. ^{{cite web |author=Susan Antilla |url=http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20100320/EDIT05/303209995/1147/EDIT07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328195520/http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20100320/EDIT05/303209995/1147/EDIT07 |archive-date=March 28, 2010 |dead-url=yes |title=Top 10 lessons from Lehman Brothers fiasco |work=The Journal Gazette |accessdate=December 15, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
29. ^{{cite web|author=Jonathan Kennedy |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/2008/8/dick-bove-lehman-leh-ceo-fuld-hopeless-hostile-takeover-at-20-per-share |title=Dick Bove: Lehman (LEH) CEO Fuld Hopeless, Hostile Takeover At $20 Per Share |work=Business Insider |date=August 22, 2008 |accessdate=April 4, 2011}}
30. ^{{cite news | last=Ward | first=Vicky |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2010/04/lehman-wives-201004 |title=Lehman's Desperate Housewives | work=Vanity Fair | date=October 20, 2009 |access-date=April 4, 2011}}
31. ^{{cite news| url=http://nymag.com/news/business/52603/ |title=Burning Down His House|author=Steve Fishman|work=New York |date=November 30, 2008}}
32. ^{{cite book|last=McDonald|first=Larry|date=2009|title=A Colossal Failure Of Common Sense|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Colossal_Failure_of_Common_Sense.html?id=GBgi8xL_oqAC|location=London|publisher=Ebury Press|page=268|isbn=978-0-12-558822-5|accessdate=December 15, 2014}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5j6Z--x2KBgEljN43MzpxWI5J_HOwD93SH3P82 |title=Prosecutors subpoena ex-Lehman CEO Richard Fuld |accessdate=October 29, 2008 |author=David B. Caruso |date=October 17, 2008 |publisher=Associated Press via Google |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031043658/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5j6Z--x2KBgEljN43MzpxWI5J_HOwD93SH3P82 |archivedate=October 31, 2008}}
34. ^{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/10/17/news/companies/lehman_subpoena/ |title=Former Lehman Brothers CEO subpoenaed |accessdate=October 29, 2008 |authors=Emily Anderson, Chuck Hadad |date=October 17, 2008 |publisher=CNN}}
35. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=arDh0Dk0I4bc&refer=home |title=Lehman Executives Including Fuld Subpoenaed, New York Post Says |accessdate=October 29, 2008 |author=Joe Sabo |date=October 17, 2008 |publisher=Bloomberg}}
36. ^Committee Holds Hearing on Causes and Effects of the Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy Retrieved October 6, 2008 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009061501/http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=2208 |date=October 9, 2008 }}
37. ^Fuld's testimony {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826083809/http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20081006125839.pdf |date=August 26, 2009 }} (PDF) Retrieved October 6, 2008.
38. ^Bill Berkrot, Reuters [https://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSTRE4928RI20081003 "Lehman's Fuld to testify at congressional hearing"] retrieved October 3, 2008.
39. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-financial-lehman-idUSTRE4954DL20081007|title=Lehman's Fuld: Where was our U.S. bailout?|last=Fitzgibbons|first=Patrick|date=7 October 2008|website=reuters.com |access-date=28 January 2017}}
40. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE50P04A20090126 |title=Lehman's Fuld sold Florida mansion to wife for $100|publisher=Reuters |date=January 26, 2009|accessdate=April 4, 2011 |first=Yinka |last=Adegoke}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2009/04/03/lehman-brothers-dick-fuld-has-a-new-gig/ |work=The Wall Street Journal|title=Lehman Brothers' Dick Fuld Has a New Gig |date=April 3, 2009 |accessdate=June 27, 2010}}
42. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/10757156/dick-fuld-re-emerges-at-legend-securities.html |work=The Street |title=Dick Fuld Re-Emerges at Legend Securities |date=May 14, 2009 |accessdate=July 7, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918051835/http://www.thestreet.com/story/10757156/dick-fuld-re-emerges-at-legend-securities.html |archivedate=September 18, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}
43. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thefinancialinvestigator.com/?p=64 |work=The Financial Investigator |title=Dick Fuld's New Friends |date=June 8, 2009 |accessdate=July 7, 2010}}
44. ^{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2012/02/24/fuld-im-not-built-for-street-life/ |title=Fuld: I'm not built for Street life |work=New York Post |date=February 24, 2012}}
45. ^{{cite web|title=Inside Ex–Lehman Boss Dick Fuld's New Firm, Matrix Advisors|url=http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/3470974/banking-and-capital-markets-banking/inside-exlehman-boss-dick-fulds-new-firm-matrix-advisors.html|accessdate=2015-08-10|date=July 20, 2015|first=Jess|last=Delaney|publisher=Institutional Investor}}
46. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.verdict.co.uk/private-banker-international/uncategorized/richard-fuld-lehman-wealth/|title=Richard Fuld building career in wealth management 10 years after Lehman|last=|first=|date=11 September 2018|website=Private Banker International|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-05}}
47. ^{{cite web|title=Ex-Lehman CEO Richard Fuld to auction off Idaho estate|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/07/08/news/lehman-brothers-ceo-richard-fuld-idaho-estate/index.html|publisher=CNNMoney|accessdate=2015-08-10|first=Ahiza|last=Garcia}}
48. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/branded-a-villain-lehmans-dick-fuld-chases-redemption-1536238802|title=Branded a Villain, Lehman’s Dick Fuld Chases Redemption|last=Justin Baer and Gregory Zuckerman|first=|date=6 September 2018|website=Wall Street Journal|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=6 January 2019}}
49. ^{{Cite news| url =http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/Article.aspx?articleID=1233833&HideRelated=1&SearchResult=1#.U_dFNPldXm4|title= Best CEO's Expanded Table |publisher=Institutional Investor |date = January 22, 2007}}
50. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN1341059120080914 Lehman CEO Fuld's hubris contributed to meltdown], Reuters, September 14, 2008
51. ^[https://www.forbes.com/facesinthenews/2008/04/16/rishard-fuld-lehman-markets-face-cx_md_0415autofacescan03.html Lehman Chief: Subprime's End-Near; Pain-Not Over], Forbes, April 16, 2008
52. ^{{Cite news|url=http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2008/10/10/culprits-of-the-collapse-10-richard-fuld/ |title=Culprits of the Collapse |publisher=CNN |date=October 10, 2008 |accessdate=April 4, 2011}}
53. ^{{Cite journal| title=Overpaid CEO award|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/1/6ee9e870-cf8b-11dd-abf9-000077b07658.html |journal=Financial Times| date=December 22, 2008| page=12}}
54. ^{{cite news | url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20101013/REVIEWS/101019990 | title=Inside Job | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=October 13, 2010 | accessdate=October 21, 2011 | author=Ebert, Roger}}
55. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2011/10/31/111031crci_cinema_denby?currentPage=all |title='All That Glitters' |publisher=The New Yorker|date=October 31, 2011 |accessdate=October 29, 2011}}
56. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/10/margin-call-a-financial-crisis-film-thats-on-the-money/247116 |title='Margin Call': A Financial-Crisis Film That's on the Money |publisher=The Atlantic |date=October 31, 2011 |accessdate=October 29, 2011}}

External links

  • Reference for Business – Richard S. Fuld Jr.
  • Times Topics
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fuld, Richard S. Jr.}}

13 : 1946 births|Living people|Jewish American bankers|American chief executives of financial services companies|American corporate directors|American financial traders|Businesspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut|Businesspeople from New York City|American chief operating officers|Lehman Brothers people|Stern School of Business alumni|University of Colorado alumni|Wilbraham & Monson Academy alumni
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