| 词条 | Richard Webster, 1st Viscount Alverstone |
| 释义 |
|name = The Viscount Alverstone |office = Lord Chief Justice of England |order = 4th |honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCMG|PC|FRS}} |image = Portrait of Richard Webster, 1st Viscount Alverstone.jpg |alt = The Viscount Alverstone |caption = |monarch = Victoria Edward VII George V |predecessor = The Lord Russell of Killowen |successor = The Earl of Reading |footnotes = |signature = |signature_alt = |monarch2 = Victoria |office2 = Master of the Rolls |order2 = 79th |predecessor2 = Sir Nathaniel Lindley |primeminister2 = The Marquess of Salisbury |party = Conservative |successor2 = Sir Archibald Levin Smith |birth_date = 22 December 1842 |birth_place = Holborn, London United Kingdom |death_date = {{Death date and age|1915|12|15|1842|12|22|df=yes}} |death_place = Cranleigh, Surrey United Kingdom |nationality = British |spouse = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = Trinity College, Cambridge |occupation = Barrister, judge |religion = |imagesize = 200px |term_start = 24 October 1900 |term_end = 21 October 1913 |term_start2 = 9 May 1900 |term_end2 = 24 October 1900 |order3 = Attorney General for England |office3 = |term_start3 = 27 June 1885 |term_end3 = 28 January 1886 |monarch3 = Victoria |primeminister3 = The Marquess of Salisbury |predecessor3 = Sir Henry James |successor3 = Sir Charles Russell |term_start4 = 5 August 1886 |term_end4 = 11 August 1892 |monarch4 = Victoria |primeminister4 = The Marquess of Salisbury |predecessor4 = Sir Charles Russell |successor4 = Sir Charles Russell |term_start5 = 8 July 1895 |term_end5 = 7 May 1900 |monarch5 = Victoria |primeminister5 = The Marquess of Salisbury |predecessor5 = Sir Robert Reid |successor5 = Sir Robert Finlay |restingplace = West Norwood Cemetery Lambeth, London United Kingdom |restingplacecoordinates = |birthname = Richard Everard Webster }} Richard Everard Webster, 1st Viscount Alverstone, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCMG|PC|FRS}} (22 December 1842 – 15 December 1915) was a British barrister, politician and judge who served in many high political and judicial offices. Background and educationWebster was the second son of Thomas Webster QC. He was educated at King's College School and Charterhouse, and Trinity College, Cambridge.[1] He was well known as an athlete in his earlier years, having represented his university in the first Inter-Varsity steeplechase and as a runner. As such, the Cambridge University Alverstone Club is named in his honour, and makes a pilgrimage to Alverstone, Isle of Wight, every 4 years. The following prayer is used on appropriate occasions: Our Lord, who art at Wilberforce,Alverstone be thy name,Thy swaps will come, Thy grass reps will be done, On earth as they are in Chariots,Give us this day our daily banter,And forgive us for our pennying, As we forgive those who penny against us,And lead us all into Cindies, But deliver us from Gardies,For thine is the club, the tie and the track,For ever and ever,Amen.His interest in cricket and foot-racing was maintained in later life. He refereed races for the early Amateur Athletic Club and set rules for long jump and shot put. He was President of Surrey County Cricket Club from 1895 until his death, and of the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1903.[2] Legal, judicial and political careerWebster was called to the bar in 1868, and became QC only ten years afterwards. His practice was chiefly in commercial, railway and patent cases until (June 1885) he was appointed Attorney-General in the Conservative Government in the exceptional circumstances of never having been Solicitor-general, and not at the time occupying a seat in parliament. He was elected for Launceston in the following month, and in November exchanged this seat for the Isle of Wight, which he continued to represent until his elevation to the House of Lords. Except under the brief Gladstone administration of 1886, and the Gladstone-Rosebery cabinet of 1892–1895, Sir Richard Webster was Attorney-General from 1885 to 1900. In 1890 he was leading counsel for The Times in the Parnell inquiry; in 1893 he represented Great Britain in the Bering Sea arbitration; in 1898 he discharged the same function in the matter of the boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela. In the House of Commons, and outside it, his political career was prominently associated with church work; and his speeches were distinguished for gravity and earnestness. In July 1885, he was made a Knight Bachelor.[3] In December 1893, he was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George as a Knight Grand Cross.[4] In January 1900 he was created a Baronet,[5] but in May the same year succeeded Sir Nathaniel Lindley as Master of the Rolls, being raised to the peerage as Baron Alverstone, of Alverstone in the County of Southampton[6] and sworn of the Privy Council,[7] and in October of the same year he was elevated to the office of Lord Chief Justice upon the death of Lord Russell of Killowen. He presided over some notable trials of the era including Hawley Harvey Crippen. Although popular, he was not considered an outstanding judge; one colleague wrote after his death that "the reports will be searched in vain for judgments of his that are valuable". He received the honorary degree Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from the University of Edinburgh in April 1902,[8] and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society later the same year.[9][10] In late 1902 he was in South Africa as part of a commission looking into the use of martial law sentences during the Second Boer War.[11] In 1903 during the Alaska boundary dispute he was one of the members of the Boundary Commission. Against the wishes of the Canadians it was his swing vote that settled the matter, roughly splitting the disputed territory. As a result, he became extremely unpopular in Canada. He retired in 1913, and was created Viscount Alverstone, of Alverstone, Isle of Wight in the County of Southampton.[12] Personal lifeWebster married in 1872 Louisa Mary Calthrop, daughter of William Charles Calthrop. She died in March 1877. They had one son and one daughter. Their only son, the Honourable Arthur Harold Webster (1874–1902) died childless in August 1902, aged 28, after an operation for appendicitis.[13] The Arthur Webster Hospital, opened in 1905, was presented to the town of Shanklin, Isle of Wight by Lord Alverstone in memory of his son. The building is still in use as the Arthur Webster Clinic. He commissioned the architect Edward Blakeway I'Anson to build Winterfold House near Cranleigh in the Surrey Hills in 1886, in a classic late Victorian style, and laid out grounds with flowering trees and shrubs. Lord Alverstone died at Cranleigh, Surrey, in December 1915, aged 72 and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery under a Celtic cross. His peerages became extinct on his death. Titles, Styles, Honours and Arms
|image = |escutcheon = Azure two Pallets Or five Swans in cross Argent between four Annulets Gold |crest = A Swan's Head erased Argent encircled by an Annulet Azure and holding in the beak a like Annulet |supporters = On either side a Seal proper gorged with a Chain of Annulets interlaced Or suspended therefrom an Escutcheon Azure charged with a Swan Argent |motto = Veritas Puritas [14]}} References1. ^{{acad|id=WBSR860RE|name=Webster, Richard Everard}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Haigh|first1=Gideon|title=Peter The Lord's Cat and Other Unexpected Obituaries from Wisden|date=2006|publisher=John Wisden & Co|location=London, Eng|isbn=1845131630|pages=7}} 3. ^{{London Gazette| issue=25490 |page=3239 |date=14 July 1885}} 4. ^{{London Gazette| issue=26465 |page=7183 |date=8 December 1893}} 5. ^{{London Gazette| issue=27157 |page=512 |date=26 January 1900}} 6. ^{{London Gazette |issue=27202 |date=15 June 1900 |page=3752 }} 7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=27192 |date=15 May 1900 |page=3066 }} 8. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=University intelligence |day_of_week=Saturday |date=12 April 1902 |page_number=12 |issue=36740| }} 9. ^{{cite web |publisher=Royal Society |title=Fellows 1660-2007 |url=https://royalsociety.org/~/media/Royal_Society_Content/about-us/fellowship/Fellows1660-2007.pdf |accessdate=9 September 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web| url = http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=3&dsqSearch=%28%28text%29%3D%27webster%27%29 |title = Library and Archive catalogue|publisher = Royal Society|accessdate = 2012-02-25}} 11. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Martial Law in South Africa |day_of_week=Thursday |date=9 October 1902 |page_number=3 |issue=36894| }} 12. ^{{London Gazette |issue=28783 |date=19 December 1913 |page=9337 }} 13. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Obituary |day_of_week=Saturday |date=9 August 1902 |page_number=5 |issue=36842| }} 14. ^http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/alverstone1913.htm
External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Launceston | years = 1885–1885 | before = Sir Hardinge Giffard | after = Charles Dyke Acland }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Isle of Wight | years = 1885–1900 | before = Evelyn Ashley | after = J. E. B. Seely }}{{s-legal}}{{s-bef|before=Sir Henry James}}{{s-ttl|title=Attorney-General for England and Wales|years=1885–1886 }}{{s-aft|after=Sir Charles Russell}}{{s-bef|before=Sir Charles Russell}}{{s-ttl|title=Attorney-General for England and Wales|years=1886–1892 }}{{s-aft|after=Sir Charles Russell}}{{s-bef|before=Sir Robert Reid}}{{s-ttl|title=Attorney-General for England and Wales|years=1895–1900 }}{{s-aft|after=Sir Robert Finlay}}{{succession box | title=Master of the Rolls | before=Sir Nathaniel Lindley | after=Sir Archibald Smith | years=1900}}{{succession box | title=Lord Chief Justice of England | before=The Lord Russell of Killowen | after=Sir Rufus Isaacs | years=1900–1913}}{{s-reg|uk-bt}}{{s-new| rows=1 | creation}}{{s-ttl| title = Baronet (of Alverstone) | years = 1900 – 1915}}{{s-non|rows =1 | reason = Extinct}}{{S-reg|uk}}{{S-new| rows = 2 | creation}}{{S-ttl| title = Baron Alverstone | years = 1900 – 1915 }}{{S-non| rows = 2 | reason = Extinct }} |-{{S-ttl| title = Viscount Alverstone | years = 1913 – 1915 }}{{S-end}}{{Masters of the Rolls}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alverstone, Richard Webster, 1st Viscount}} 30 : 1842 births|1915 deaths|People educated at King's College School, London|English judges|English Queen's Counsel|Lord Chief Justices of England and Wales|Knights of Grace of the Order of St John|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|People educated at Charterhouse School|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|Attorneys General for England and Wales|UK MPs 1880–85|UK MPs 1885–86|UK MPs 1886–92|UK MPs 1892–95|UK MPs 1895–1900|Politicians from Cornwall|Burials at West Norwood Cemetery|Presidents of Surrey County Cricket Club|Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club|Masters of the Rolls|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall|Politics of the Isle of Wight|Fellows of the Royal Society|Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council |
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