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词条 Richard Wilbur
释义

  1. Early years

  2. Literary career

  3. Awards and honors

  4. Bibliography

     Poetry collections  Selected poems available online  Prose collections  Translated plays from other authors  Translated from Molière  From Jean Racine  From Pierre Corneille 

  5. Sources

  6. References

  7. Further reading

  8. External links

{{for|the United States Tax Court judge Richard C. Wilbur|List of Judges of the United States Tax Court}}{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2017}}{{Infobox writer
| name = Richard Wilbur
| image = File:Wilbur-Hollo-1964.jpg
| caption = Richard Wilbur and Anselm Hollo (right) in Lahti, Finland, 1964.
| birth_name = Richard Purdy Wilbur
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|3|1}}
| birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2017|10|14|1921|3|1}}
| death_place = Belmont, Massachusetts, U.S.
| occupation = Poet
| nationality =
| alma_mater = Amherst College (1942)
Harvard University (1947)
| spouse = Mary Charlotte Hayes Ward 1942–2007 (her death)
| children = Ellen D. Wilbur 1943–,
Christopher H. Wilbur 1948–,
Nathan L. Wilbur 1951–,
Aaron H. Wilbur 1958–
| subject =
| period =
| genre = Poetry, Children's books
| movement = Formalism
| notableworks = Things of This World
| awards = Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1957, 1989)
Robert Frost Medal (1996)
| signature =
}}Richard Purdy Wilbur (March 1, 1921 – October 14, 2017) was an American poet and literary translator. One of the foremost poets of his generation, Wilbur's work, composed primarily in traditional forms, was marked by its wit, charm, and gentlemanly elegance. In 1987 he was appointed the second Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress and he received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry twice, in 1957 and again in 1989.[1]

Early years

Wilbur was born in New York City March 1, 1921, and grew up in North Caldwell, New Jersey.[2] In 1938 he graduated from Montclair High School where he worked on the school newspaper.[2] He graduated from Amherst College in 1942 and served in the United States Army from 1943 to 1945 during World War II. He attended graduate school at Harvard University. Wilbur taught at Wellesley College, then Wesleyan University for two decades and at Smith College for another decade. At Wesleyan, he was instrumental in founding the award-winning poetry series of the University Press.[3][4] He received two Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry and taught at Amherst College as late as 2009.[5] He was also on the editorial board of the literary magazine The Common, based at Amherst College.[6]

Literary career

When only 8 years old, Wilbur published his first poem in John Martin's Magazine.[7] His first book, The Beautiful Changes and Other Poems, appeared in 1947. Henceforth he published several volumes of poetry, including New and Collected Poems (Faber, 1989). Wilbur was also a translator, specializing in the 17th century French comedies of Molière and the dramas of Jean Racine. His translation of Tartuffe has become the standard English version of the play, and has been presented on television twice (a 1978 production is available on DVD.) In addition to publishing poetry and translations, he also published several children's books including Opposites, More Opposites, and The Disappearing Alphabet.

Continuing the tradition of Robert Frost and W. H. Auden, Wilbur's poetry finds illumination in everyday experiences. Less well-known is Wilbur's foray into lyric writing. He provided lyrics to several songs in Leonard Bernstein's 1956 musical, Candide, including the famous "Glitter and Be Gay" and "Make Our Garden Grow." He also produced several unpublished works including "The Wing" and "To Beatrice".

His honors included the 1983 Drama Desk Special Award and the PEN Translation Prize for his translation of The Misanthrope, both the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and the National Book Award for Things of This World (1956),[8]

the Edna St Vincent Millay award, the Bollingen Prize, and the Chevalier, Ordre des Palmes Académiques. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1959.[9] In 1987 Wilbur became the second poet, after Robert Penn Warren, to be named U.S. Poet Laureate after the position's title was changed from Poetry Consultant. In 1988, he won the Aiken Taylor Award for Modern American Poetry and then in 1989 he won a second Pulitzer, this one for his New and Collected Poems. On October 14, 1994, he received the National Medal of Arts from President Bill Clinton. He also received the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation in 1994. In 2003, Wilbur was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.[10] In 2006, Wilbur won the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize. In 2010 he won the National Translation Award for the translation of The Theatre of Illusion by Pierre Corneille. In 2012, Yale conferred an honorary degree, Doctor of Letters, on Wilbur.

Wilbur died on October 14, 2017, at a nursing home in Belmont, Massachusetts from natural causes aged 96.[11][12]

Awards and honors

During his lifetime, Wilbur received numerous awards in recognition of his work, including:

  • Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Arts (1952, 1963)[13]
  • Poetry Society of America Millay Award (1957)[14]
  • National Book Award for Poetry (1957) for Things of This World[15]
  • Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1957, 1989) for Things of This World, New and Collected Poems[16]
  • Bollingen Prize for Poetry (1971)[17]
  • Shelley Memorial Award (1973) [18]
  • New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Musical (1973–1974) for Candide[19]
  • Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Musical (1973–1974) for Candide[20]
  • Drama Desk Special Award (1983) for translation of The Misanthrope[21]
  • United States Poet Laureate (1987–1988)[22]
  • Laurence Olivier Award for Musical of the Year (1988) for Candide[23]
  • St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates[24][25]
  • American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal in Poetry (1991)[26]
  • PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation (1994)[27]
  • Frost Medal (1996)[28]
  • Wallace Stevens Award (2003)[29]
  • Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize (2006)[30]

Bibliography

Poetry collections

  • 1947: The Beautiful Changes, and Other Poems[31]
  • 1950: Ceremony, and Other Poems[31]
  • 1955: A Bestiary[31]
  • 1956: Things of This World – won Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and National Book Award, both in 1957[32]
  • 1961: Advice to a Prophet, and Other Poems[31]
  • 1969: Walking to Sleep: New Poems and Translations[32]
  • 1976: The Mind-Reader: New Poems[31]
  • 1988: New and Collected Poems – won Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1989[32]
  • 2000: Mayflies: New Poems and Translations[31]
  • 2004: Collected Poems, 1943–2004[31]
  • 2010: Anterooms[31]

Selected poems available online

{{refbegin|2}}
  • {{cite web |title=Some Words Inside of Words |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/06/some-words-inside-of-words/303448/ |publisher=The Atlantic |date=June 2004 |accessdate=October 21, 2017}}
  • {{cite web |title=Sugar Maples, January |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/01/16/sugar-maples-january |work=The New Yorker |date=January 16, 2012 |accessdate=November 12, 2014}}
{{refend}}

Prose collections

  • 1976: Responses: Prose Pieces, 1953–1976[31]
  • 1997: The Catbird's Song: Prose Pieces, 1963–1995[31]

Translated plays from other authors

Translated from Molière

  • The Misanthrope (1955/1666)[33]
  • Tartuffe (1963/1669)[34]
  • The School for Wives (1971/1662)[35]
  • The Learned Ladies (1978/1672)[36]
  • The School for Husbands (1992/1661)[37]
  • The Imaginary Cuckold, or Sganarelle (1993/1660)[38]
  • Amphitryon (1995/1668)[39]
  • The Bungler (2000/1655)[40]
  • Don Juan (2001/1665)[41]
  • Lovers' Quarrels (2009/1656)[42]

From Jean Racine

  • Andromache (1982/1667)[43]
  • Phaedra (1986/1677)[44]
  • The Suitors (2001/1668)[45]

From Pierre Corneille

  • The Theatre of Illusion (2007/1636)[46]
  • Le Cid (2009/1636)[47]
  • The Liar (2009/1643)[48]

Sources

  • {{citation | series = Clinton | url = http://clinton6.nara.gov/1994/10/1994-10-13-president-and-first-lady-honor-artists-and-scholars.html | date = October 13, 1994 | publisher = The White House – Office of the Press Secretary | title = President and first Lady honor Artists and Scholars}}.

References

1. ^{{cite web | title=Poet Laureate Timeline: 1981–1990 | url= https://www.loc.gov/poetry/laureate-1981-1990.html | publisher = Library of Congress | year = 2008 | accessdate = January 1, 2009}}
2. ^Richard (Purdy) Wilbur, from the Dictionary of Literary Biography. Accessed January 1, 2012. "Wilbur showed an early interest in writing, which he has attributed to his mother's family because her father was an editor of the Baltimore Sun and her grandfather was an editor and a publisher of small papers aligned with the Democratic party. At Montclair High School, from which he graduated in 1938, Wilbur wrote editorials for the school newspaper."
3. ^{{citation | publisher =University of Illinois | url = http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/s_z/wilbur/bio.htm | title = Wilbur biography}}
4. ^{{citation |newspaper=The New York Times | accessdate = July 18, 2011 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05E2D6143FF935A25753C1A9639C8B63&sel=&spon=&pagewanted=all |title=The University of Verse | first = Jane | last = Gordon | date = October 16, 2005}}
5. ^{{citation | url = https://www.amherst.edu/people/facstaff/rpwilbur42 | publisher =Amherst College | chapter = Wilbur | title = Faculty staff}}.
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thecommononline.org/about|title=About The Common - The Common|website=www.thecommononline.org}}
7. ^{{citation | url = http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3509/the-art-of-poetry-no-22-richard-wilbur |title=Richard Wilbur, The Art of Poetry No. 22 |journal=The Paris Review |series=Interviews |date=Winter 1977 |accessdate=December 24, 2014}}.
8. ^[https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1957 "National Book Awards – 1957"]. National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-02.
(With acceptance speech by Wilbur and essay by Patrick Rosal from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
9. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter W| format = PDF | url= http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterW.pdf | publisher =American Academy of Arts and Sciences | accessdate = April 7, 2011}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/82135-2004-Inductees-of-Theatre-Hall-of-Fame-Announced|title=2004 Inductees of Theatre Hall of Fame Announced|publisher=www.playbill.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331082301/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/82135-2004-Inductees-of-Theatre-Hall-of-Fame-Announced|archivedate=March 31, 2014|df=mdy-all}}
11. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/15/obituaries/richard-wilbur-poet-laureate-and-pulitzer-winner-dies-at-96.html |title=Richard Wilbur, Poet Laureate and Pulitzer Winner, Dies at 96 |work=The New York Times |date=October 16, 2017 |access-date=October 16, 2017}}
12. ^{{cite news | first=Mark | last = Ferney | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/obituaries/2017/10/15/wilbur/n2ZJZF17OJGN1nHQOjUBWP/story.html |title=Richard Wilbur, Pulitzer-winning poet, dies at 96 |newspaper=Boston Globe|date= October 15, 2017 |accessdate= October 15, 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/ |title=All Fellows |author= |website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |access-date=July 18, 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/about/mission/ |title=A Century of American Poetry |author= |date= |website=Poetry Society of America |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1957#.V41tqmQrK2w |title=National Book Awards – 1957 |author= |website=National Book Foundation |access-date=July 18, 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/224 |title=Poetry |author= |website=The Pulitzer Prizes |access-date=July 18, 2016}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://bollingen.yale.edu/ |title=The Bollingen Prize for Poetry |author= |date= |publisher=Yale University |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/awards/frost_and_shelley/shelley_winners/ |title=Shelley Winners |author= |date= |website=Poetry Society of America |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
19. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.dramacritics.org/dc_pastawards.html#1974 |title=Past Awards |author= |date= |publisher=New York Drama Critics' Circle |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://outercritics.org/award-results/awards-for-1973-1974/ |title=Awards for 1973–1974 |author= |date= |website=Outer Critics Circle |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dramadesk.org/awards |title=Awards |author= |date= |website=Drama Desk |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/poetslaureate/ |title=United States Poets Laureate: A Guide to Online Resources |author=Peter Armenti |date=June 10, 2015 |website=Library of Congress |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.olivierawards.com/winners/view/item98523/olivier-winners-1988/ |title=Olivier Winners 1988 |author= |date= |website=Olivier Awards |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slu.edu/libraries/associates/award.html|title=Saint Louis Literary Award - Saint Louis University|website=www.slu.edu}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://lib.slu.edu/about/associates/literary-award |title=Recipients of the St. Louis Literary Award |work= |author=Saint Louis University Library Associates |date= |accessdate=July 25, 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.artsandletters.org/awards2_popup.php?abbrev=Gold%20Literature |title=Gold Medal |author= |date= |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Letters |access-date=July 19, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817092924/http://www.artsandletters.org/awards2_popup.php?abbrev=Gold%20Literature |archivedate=August 17, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}
27. ^{{cite web |url=https://pen.org/penralph-manheim-medal-translation-winners |title=PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation Winners |author= |date= |website=PEN America |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/awards/frost_and_shelley/frost_winners/ |title=Frost Medalists |author= |date= |website=Poetry Society of America |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/prizes/wallace-stevens-award |title=Wallace Stevens Award |author= |date= |website=Academy of American Poets |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/programs/foundation/awards/detail/ruth-lilly-poetry-prize |title=Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize |author= |date= |website=Poetry Foundation |access-date=July 19, 2016}}
31. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/richard-wilbur|title=Richard Wilbur|date=October 18, 2017|website=Poetry Foundation}}
32. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/oct/17/richard-wilbur-obituary|title=Richard Wilbur obituary|first=Michael|last=Carlson|date=October 17, 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|via=www.theguardian.com}}
33. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=1607 | title = The Misanthrope | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-1389-5}}.
34. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=1606 | title = Tartuffe | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-1111-2}}.
35. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=1505 | title = The School for Wives | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-0999-7}}.
36. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=1407 | title = The Learned Ladies | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-0648-4}}.
37. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=934 | title = School for Husbands | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-0998-0}}.
38. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=885 | title = The Imaginary Cuckold, or Sganarelle | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-1331-4}}.
39. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=783 | title = Amphitryon | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-1439-7}}.
40. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=2894 | title = The Bungler | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-1747-3}}.
41. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=2771 | title = Don Juan | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-1657-5}}.
42. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=3762 | title = Lovers' Quarrels | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-2159-3}}.
43. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=1286 | title = Andromache | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-0048-2}}.
44. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=1067 | title = Phædra | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-0890-7}}.
45. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=2996 | title = The Suitors | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-1804-3}}.
46. ^{{citation | url = https://www.amazon.com/Theatre-Illusion-Pierre-Corneille/dp/0156032317 | publisher = Mariner books | title = The Theatre of Illusion | date = April 2, 2007 | last = Corneille | first = Pierre | ISBN = 978-0-15-603231-5}}.
47. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=4258 | title = Le Cid | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-2501-0}}.
48. ^{{citation | url = http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=4259 | title = The Liar | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | ISBN = 978-0-8222-2502-7}}.

Further reading

  • Let Us Watch Richard Wilbur: A Biographical Study by Robert Bagg and Mary Bagg, 2017, University of Massachusetts Press
  • Richard Wilbur and the Things of This World, a documentary film by Ralph Hammann, 2017, Film Odysseys, Ltd. To be released.

External links

{{wikiquote|Richard Wilbur}}
  • {{IBDB name|9575}}
  • Richard Wilbur at Internet Off-Broadway Database
  • "The World is Fundamentally a Great Wonder": Richard Wilbur in conversation with Arlo Haskell, October 21, 2009. Littoral.
  • Readings by Wilbur at the Key West Literary Seminar: 1993, 2003, 2010
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBvBKRBp49E
  • Ernest Hilbert reviews Richard Wilbur's Collected Poems for the New York Sun
  • Essays on a Wilbur's "Love Calls Us to the Things of This World"
  • {{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3509/the-art-of-poetry-no-22-richard-wilbur| title=Richard Wilbur, The Art of Poetry No. 22|author1=Helen McCloy Ellison |author2=Ellesa Clay High |author3=Peter A. Stitt | work=The Paris Review| date=Winter 1977 }}
  • Settings of Richard Wilbur's poetry in the Choral Public Domain Library
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6LdgHqKpdE Wilbur's "Then" (1950)] – Composer Jonathan Elliott sets Wilbur's poem to music for Monadnock Music; also featuring Wilbur's reading of the poem
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