| 词条 | Rich Field |
| 释义 |
| name=Rich Field | partof= | location= Waco, Texas | image= Rich Field Texas JN-4s 1918.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption=Curtiss JN-4 flying from Rich Field, Waco, Texas, 1918 | pushpin_map= Texas | pushpin_label=Rich Field | pushpin_mark=Airplane_silhouette.svg | pushpin_mapsize=300 | coordinates= {{Coord|31|32|45|N|97|11|16|W|name=Rich Field|display=inline,title}} | type= Pilot training airfield | code= | ownership= | controlledby= Air Service, United States Army | condition= Redeveloped into urban area | built=1917 | builder= | used=1917–1945 | materials= | demolished= | battles= World War I World War II | events= | past_commanders= | garrison= Training Section, Air Service | occupants= }}Rich Field is a former World War I military airfield, located in Waco, Texas, near what is now the intersection of Bosque Boulevard and 41st Street. It operated as a training field for the Air Service, United States Army from 1917 until 1919. The airfield was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established in 1917 after the United States entry into World War I.[1] HistoryThe base was named Rich Field in honor of 2nd Lt. C. Perry Rich of the Philippine Scouts. He was born in Indiana, and had been instructed to fly by Lt. Frank P. Lahm in May 1913, then crashed his Wright Model C into Manila Bay on November 14, the tenth U.S. pilot to die in a flying accident.[2] Rich's body was recovered and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, near other early aviators.[3] World War IA contract was signed on August 24, 1917 giving the War Department title to the property, which was in private hands. Formerly cotton fields, a significant number of farm buildings on the property had to be torn down. A labor force of about 3,400, including 1,000 Mexican workers, erected buildings, poured concrete, and laid down pipes and an electrical system.[2] On September 17, 1917, the first officer reported for duty, and various pieces of equipment and a group of personnel were assigned to set up the base as a primary flight training field. The first shipment of 25 aircraft arrived on November 14 and were uncrated and assembled by the 150th Aero Squadron, moved from Kelly Field. Twenty-five flight cadets reported for training on Thanksgiving Day 1917, and flight instruction began on December 1. Eventually a total of 243 Standard J-1 trainers were assigned to Rich Field. In June 1918, the J-1s were replaced by the Curtiss JN-4 which was standardized by the War Department as the standard training plane for the Air Service. Training units assigned to Rich Field were as follows:[4]
Re-designated "Squadron A", July–November 1918
Re-designated "Squadron B", July–November 1918
Re-designated "Squadron C", July–November 1918
As the flight cadets graduated from the six-week course at Rich Field, they were sent to advance schools in the United States, England, or France for advanced training in either pursuit, observation or bomber aircraft. Eventually some 400 pilots received their wings at Rich Field.[2] Training units organized and equipped at Rich Field as core training squadrons for other Air Service training bases in the United States were:[4]
The following units were organized and given basic military indoctrination at Rich Field before being deployed to the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe:[4]
After the November 1918 Armistice with Germany, those pilots who were in training were allowed to complete their studies, but no new cadets began training. The airfield was ordered closed in May 1919, and in December the flag was lowered for the last time.[2] Inter-war yearsAlthough it was closed as a military airfield after World War I, aviation activity continued at Rich Field as a civil airport. Flying lessons were available and during the 1920s and 1930s traveling airshows occasionally visited Rich Field. Ford Trimotor offered the public a 10-minute flight to downtown Waco and back for one dollar. On one visit the Trimotor was put into a spin (without passengers) for show. For many years Braniff International Airways provided passenger service to Waco at Rich Field. The airport was closed near the beginning of World War II. World War IIRich Field was reopened as an auxiliary training field to Waco Army Airfield in 1942. Two hard-surface gravel runways were laid down in an "X" pattern, the northwest/southeast being 3,700 feet by 100 feet and the north-northwest/south-southeast runway being 3,500 feet by 100 feet. It may also have been used as a storage depot and limited civil flight operations during the war.[5] Closure and civil redevelopmentFlying ended from Rich Field after the end of World War II, and the site was subsequently used for two major civic facilities and numerous businesses. The Heart O' Texas Fairgrounds and coliseum were built in the 1950s; it is now known as Extraco Events Center. A high school was constructed on part of the site in the early 1960s and was called Richfield High School in honor of the former airfield. It was later renamed Waco High School. See also{{Portal|United States Air Force|Military of the United States|World War I}}
References{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}1. ^William R. Evinger: Directory of Military Bases in the U.S., Oryx Press, Phoenix, Ariz., 1991, p. 147. {{refbegin}}{{refend}}2. ^1 2 3 The "Rich Field Flyer", 28 November 1918, "A Short History of Rich Field", via Texas Military Collection, Baylor University 3. ^[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/11/15/100287167.pdf New York Times obituary of C Perry Rich] 4. ^1 2 Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Volume 3, Part 3, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1949 (1988 Reprint) 5. ^World War II airfields database, Rich Field, Texas External links 4 : Buildings and structures in McLennan County, Texas|Airfields of the United States Army Air Corps|World War I airfields|World War I sites in the United States |
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