| 词条 | Grogol River |
| 释义 |
| name = Grogol River | name_native = Kali Grogol | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = Map of rivers and canals in Jakarta 2012.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Grogol River ("K. Grogol"), lower left in the map of rivers and canals of Jakarta (2012) | map = | map_size = 285 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Indonesia Java#Indonesia | pushpin_map_size = 285 | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Indonesia | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Jakarta | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|23.45|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = Kedungbadak, Bogor, West Java | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Angke River, Banjir Kanal Barat | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|06|08|10|S|106|47|07|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}Grogol River (Kali Grogol) is a small river in the western part of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia.[1][2] The lower portions of the original river have been channelized with levees built along its banks,[3][4] but flooding remains a real concern.[4][5] Illegal buildings built along its banks were removed in 2014,[6] and fifty-eight village families were provided with replacement housing, but most of them could not be accommodated.[7] CourseThe Grogol River arises around {{Coord|06|33|39|S|106|47|26|E|display=inline}} in Desa Kedungbadak and runs north between the Krukut River[8] to the east and the Pasanggrahan River to the west, further north the Sekretaris River[9] arises to the west. The Grogol passes through Desa Sukadamai and Desa Kencana. After crossing Jakarta Outer Ringroad (Jalan Tol Lingkar Luar Jakarta) it follows parallel to and just east of Route 12. At {{Coord|06|15|41|S|106|47|07|E|display=inline}} there is an overflow channel that goes west to the Pasanggrahan River. The Grogol continues north through Senayan City and just west of Gelora Bung Karno Stadium. It serves to drain the Palmerah Urban Village.[6] Beginning at Bank Danamon Central Park it parallels Route 1 until {{Coord|06|10|02|S|106|47|16|E|display=inline}} where an overflow channel heads due west to join the Sekretaris River, while the channelized river continues beside Route 1 and flows into the Angke River at {{Coord|06|08|10|S|106|47|07|E|display=inline}}. HydrologyGrogol river has a length of {{convert|23.45|km}}, with the watershed area (Indonesian: Daerah Pengaliran Sungai) of 32.08 km².[12] The average daily rainfall is 144 mm, with the peak flow rate at 290 m³ per second.[10] GeographyThe river flows in the northwest area of Java with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[11] The annual average temperature in the area is 27 °C. The warmest month is March, when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is May, at 26 °C.[12] The average annual rainfall is 3674 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm rainfall.[13] References1. ^{{GEOnet2|32FA8815F9963774E0440003BA962ED3|Kali Grogol Approved - N)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency {{Rivers of Java}}2. ^Kali Grogol - Geonames.org. 3. ^{{Cite news|title=Amphibian Excavator Used to Dredge Grogol River|date=15 April 2013 |newspaper=Berita |url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/eng/news/2013/04/amphibian-excavator-used-to-dredge-grogol-river |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319021303/http://www.jakarta.go.id/eng/news/2013/04/amphibian-excavator-used-to-dredge-grogol-river |archivedate=19 March 2015|deadurl=yes}} 4. ^1 {{Cite news |author=Simanjuntak, T. P. Moan |title=Grogol River Dam on Jl. S Parman Elevated |date=10 February 2014 |newspaper=Berita |url=http://beritajakarta.com/en/read/554/Grogol_River_Dam_on_Jl_S_Parman_Elevated |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6X9x1ijsO?url=http://beritajakarta.com/en/read/554/Grogol_River_Dam_on_Jl_S_Parman_Elevated |archivedate=20 March 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }} 5. ^{{Cite news |author=Rio |title=Cegah Banjir, Kali Grogol Dikeruk (To Prevent Floods, Grogol River Dredged) |language=id |date=April 2013 |newspaper=Berita |url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/v2/news/2013/04/cegah-banjir-kali-grogol-dikeruk |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6X9xp5p8A?url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/v2/news/2013/04/cegah-banjir-kali-grogol-dikeruk |archivedate=20 March 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }} 6. ^1 {{Cite news|author=Lusianawati, Devi |title=Post-Demolishment, Grogol River Dirtied by Trashes |date=19 September 2014 |url=http://beritajakarta.com/en/read/3341/Post-Demolishment_Grogol_River_Dirtied_by_Trashes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319153647/http://beritajakarta.com/en/read/3341/Post-Demolishment_Grogol_River_Dirtied_by_Trashes |archivedate=19 March 2015|deadurl=no}} 7. ^{{Cite news|author=Simanjuntak, T. P. Moan |title=Kantor Kelurahan Palmerah Diserbu Warga (Palmerah Village Office Invaded by Residents) |language=id |publisher=Berita |url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/v2/news/2014/10/kantor-kelurahan-palmerah-diserbu-warga|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319205731/http://www.jakarta.go.id/v2/news/2014/10/kantor-kelurahan-palmerah-diserbu-warga|archivedate=19 March 2015|deadurl=yes}} 8. ^{{GEOnet2|4B17553AEBF82FCCE0440003BA962ED3|Kali Krukut Satu (Approved - N)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 9. ^{{GEOnet2|4B17553AEAA12FCCE0440003BA962ED3|Kali Sekretaris (Approved - N)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 10. ^1 BBWS Ciliwung Cisadane. Pengendalian Banjir dan Perbaikan Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane (PBPS CC). https://konservasidasciliwung.wordpress.com/kebijakan-tentang-ciliwung/bbws-ciliwung-cisadane/ Archived in Konservasi DAS Ciliwung] - April 2012. 11. ^{{Cite journal | title = Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html| year = 2007| journal = Hydrology and Earth System Sciences| volume = 11| | date =| doi = 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007| first1 =M C| first2 = B L| first3 = T A| last1 = Peel| last2 = Finlayson| last3 =McMahon}} 12. ^{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title = NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|date =30 January 2016 | publisher = NASA}} 13. ^{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title = NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)| date =30 January 2016 |publisher = NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}} 1 : Rivers of Jakarta |
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